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HEMATOLOGY > finals - neoplastic > Flashcards

finals - neoplastic Flashcards

1
Q

Classifications of Leukemia

A
  1. Chronologic (based on natural history)
  2. Cytologic (based on predominant cell type)
  3. Classification based on functional capacity of release mechanism
  4. Classification based on localized proliferation of cells of the same
    type
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2
Q

a Chronologic classification of leukemia is about whether it is __ or ____

A

acute or chronic

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3
Q

are generalized neoplastic proliferation or accumulation of
leukopoietic cells with or without involvement of the peripheral
blood

A

LEUKEMIAS

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4
Q

group of malignant disorders affecting blood and blood forming
tissue of the bone marrow, lymph system and spleen

A

leukemia

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5
Q

what are the cells affected by acute lymphoblastic leukemia.

A

all cells coming from common lymphoid progenitors

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6
Q

CML- chronic myelogenous leukemia
affects what cells

A

all cells coming form common myeloid progenitors

ex. eosinophil, neutrophil, rbc

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7
Q

CLL means

A

chronic lymphocytic leukemia

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8
Q

CML means

A

chronic myelogenous leukemia

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9
Q

ALL means

A

acute lymphocytic anemia

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10
Q

ANLL

A

acute neo lymphocytic/lymphoblastic leukemia

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11
Q

Myeloproliferative Disorders has ___ numbers of cells produced

A

increased= panmyelosis

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12
Q

thrombocythemia means

A

high platelets but not from a certain condition

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13
Q

myelofibrosis with myeloid metaplasia/ MMM means

A

scarcity in bone marrow

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14
Q

myelodysplastic anemia

A

refractory anemia - no response to a treatment provided to anemia

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15
Q

no response to a treatment provided to anemia

A

refractory anemia

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16
Q

based on natural history means

A

either if it’s chronic of acute

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17
Q

cytologic based classification is about the predominant cells which is about

A

common myeloid or common lymphoid progenitors

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18
Q

Classification based on functional capacity of release mechanism

A

the total number of wbc

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19
Q

the most common form of leukemia in children

A

acute leukemia

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20
Q

characterized by a rapid increase in the numbers of immature blood cells

A

Acute Leukemia

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21
Q

a type of anemia that is rapidly progressing, lasting for several days to six
months

A

Acute Leukemia

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22
Q

characterized by the excessive build-up of relatively MATURE , but still ABnormal, white blood cells

A

Chronic Leukemia

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23
Q

mostly occurs in older people, but can theoretically
occur in any age group

A

Chronic Leukemia

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24
Q

example of acute leukemia

A

acute lymphoblastic leukemia - affecting cells from the common lymphoid progenitors

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25
Q

mostly occurs in older people, but can theoretically
occur in any age group

A

Chronic Leukemia

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26
Q

most patients will live a minimum of 1 or 2 years or
more; may not cause symptoms for years

A

Chronic Leukemia

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27
Q

type of leukemia that is lasting from two to six months or even twelve months

A

Sub-acute Leukemia

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28
Q

Comparison of Acute and Chronic Leukemia: Based on Clinical and
Lab Manifestation

onset

A

acute - abrupt
chronic - insidious

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29
Q

Comparison of Acute and Chronic Leukemia: Based on Clinical and
Lab Manifestation

death

A

acute - within months
chronic - within years

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30
Q

Comparison of Acute and Chronic Leukemia: Based on Clinical and
Lab Manifestation

age

A

acute - all
chronic - adults

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31
Q

Comparison of Acute and Chronic Leukemia: Based on Clinical and
Lab Manifestation

appearance of cell

A

acute - blasts
chronic - mature but abnormal

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32
Q

Comparison of Acute and Chronic Leukemia: Based on Clinical and
Lab Manifestation

wbc count

A

acute - elevated/normal/ low
chronic - elevated

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33
Q

Comparison of Acute and Chronic Leukemia: Based on Clinical and
Lab Manifestation

neutropenia

A

acute - present
chronic - absent

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34
Q

Comparison of Acute and Chronic Leukemia: Based on Clinical and
Lab Manifestation

anemia

A

acute - present
chronic - present

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35
Q

Comparison of Acute and Chronic Leukemia: Based on Clinical and
Lab Manifestation

platelets

A

acute - low
chronic - normal or increased

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36
Q

Comparison of Acute and Chronic Leukemia: Based on Clinical and
Lab Manifestation

organomegaly

A

acute - mild
chronic - severe

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37
Q

Comparison of Acute and Chronic Leukemia: Based on Clinical and
Lab Manifestation

subclassification

A

acute - ANLL and ALL
chronic - CML and CLL

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38
Q

leukemia under Granulocytic or Myelocytic Leukemia

A

a. Acute Myeloid/Myeloblastic Leukemia
b. Chronic Myeloid Leukemia
c. Promyelocytic Leukemia
d. Myelomonocytic Leukemia
e. Eosinophilic Leukemia

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39
Q

in Granulocytic or Myelocytic Leukemia , all cells are coming from

A

common myeloid progenitors

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40
Q

leukemia under Lymphocytic/Lymphoid Leukemia

A

a. Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia
b. Chronic Lymphocytic

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41
Q

Lymphocytic/Lymphoid Leukemia all cells that are affected are those under

A

common lymphoid progenitors

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42
Q

Monocytic Leukemia affects

A

monocytes

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43
Q

Plasma Cell Leukemia affects

A

plasma cells

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44
Q

Mast Cell Leukemia affects

A

mast cell

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45
Q

Histiocytic Leukemia affects

A

histiocytes

46
Q

Megakaryocytic Leukemia affects

A

progenitors of platelets

47
Q

Basophilic Leukemia affects

A

basophils

48
Q

Classification Based on Functional Capacity of Release Mechanism

A

Leukemic Leukemia
Subleukemic Leukemia
Aleukemic Leukemia

49
Q

presence of immature or abnormal cells with WBC count greater than 15 x 10⁹/L

A

Leukemic Leukemia

50
Q

with immature or abnormal cells in peripheral blood and with WBC count less than 15 x 10⁹/L

A

Subleukemic Leukemia

51
Q

with no immature cells in the peripheral blood and with WBC count less than 15 x 10⁹/L

A

Aleukemic Leukemia

52
Q

Chloroma
 a type of ___ leukemia

A

myeloblastic

53
Q

formation of tumors originating from periosteum,
especially of skull, orbits, nasal sinuses, ribs and
vertebrae, bones in lungs, CNS, lymph nodes

A

Chloroma

54
Q

Chloroma

formation of tumors originating from ___

A

periosteum, especially of skull, orbits, nasal sinuses, ribs and vertebrae, bones in lungs, CNS, lymph nodes

55
Q

it occurs usually on the precursor of myeloid

A

chloroma

56
Q

a focal malignant tumor composed of myeloblast or early myeloid precursors occurring outside of the bone marrow

A

Myeloblastoma

57
Q

local tumorous proliferation of plasma cells in the marrow, cancer of the plasma cells wherein plasma cells is a WBC that makes antibodies for our protection

A

Myeloma

58
Q

proliferation of one of the cell types of the lymphopoietic reticular tissue

A

Lymphoma

59
Q

it begins and involves lymph nodes predominantly
sometimes other sites such as spleen and GIT

A

Lymphoma

60
Q

myeloblastoma is discovered by who and when

A

Dr. Webber 1854

61
Q

what is the test to rule out if the bukol is malignant or benign

A

FNAB - fine needle aspiration biopsy

62
Q

fast growing tumor

A

myeloma

63
Q

is a reactive but excessive leukocytosis characterized by the
presence of immature cells in the peripheral blood

A

Leukemoid Reactions

64
Q

causes of leukemoid reaction

A
  1. Severe infections
  2. Hemolytic anemias
  3. Tuberculosis
  4. Trichinella spiralis infestation
65
Q

test to check if the patient has leukemia or leukemoid reaction

A

LAP scoring - leukocyte alkaline phosphatase

66
Q

elevation in one or more myeloid cell type in
the peripheral blood

A

MYELOPROLIFERATIVE DISORDERS

67
Q

2 Types of Myeloproliferative Disorder

A

Acute Myeloproliferative disorders
Chronic Myeloproliferative Disorders

68
Q

Acute Myeloproliferative disorders

A

a. myeloblastic leukemia
b. promyelocytic leukemia
c. myelomonocytic leukemia
d. Di Guglielmo ’s syndrome

69
Q

Chronic Myeloproliferative Disorders

A

a. polycythemia vera
b. myelofibrosis with myeloid metaplasia
c. thrombocythemia
d. chronic myelogenous leukemia
e. myelodysplastic syndromes

70
Q

is a neoplastic clonal MPD that commonly manifests with
panmyelosis in the bone marrow and increases in RBC,
granulocytes, and platelets in the peripheral blood

A

. Polycythemia Vera

71
Q

a rare disease that occurs more often in men than women

A

Polycythemia Vera

72
Q

there would be a high blood viscosity that causes high blood
pressure causing stroke and heart attack

A

Polycythemia Vera

73
Q

Presence of ____ that is
associated with bone marrow disorder
caused by the production of too many bloods
cells

A

JAK2/Janus kinase 2

74
Q

polycythemia vera Treatment

A

-Therapeutic phlebotomy
We could give a low dose of aspirin para maprevent yung thrombosis
 If patient is high risk, we can give Hydroxyurea
 Kapag older naman ang pasyente, we could give Busulfan

75
Q

Myelofibrosis is also known as

A

Myeloid Metaplasia

76
Q

Characterized by autonomous proliferation of the megakaryocytic
cell lines.

A

Thrombocythemia

77
Q

Thrombocythemia can be either __

A

hemorrhagic or primary

78
Q

why Thrombocythemia can still cause bleeding

A

all the platelets produced are non functional

79
Q

is a MPD arising as a clonal process from a pluripotential
stem cell

A

Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia

80
Q

Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia has a problem with Philadelphia chromosome also known as

A

chromosome 22

81
Q

group of clonal disorder of neoplastic pluripotential stem cells
characterized by a decrease in one or more types of
peripheral blood cells due to abnormal maturation in the bone
marrow

A

Myelodysplastic syndrome

82
Q

FAB Classification of Myelodysplastic Syndromes means

A

FAB- French American British

83
Q

represent a group of neoplastic conditions originating from
cells of the lymphoreticular system

A

Lymphoproliferative Disorders

84
Q

composed of small B-lymphocytes with abundant cytoplasm and fine (hairy) cytoplasmic projections

A

Hairy Cell Leukemia

85
Q

 affected ang B-lymphocytes

A

Hairy Cell Leukemia

86
Q

hairy cell leukemia is stain by _

A

TRAP (Tartrate Resistant Acid Phosphate)

87
Q

the most common form of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma

A

Mycosis Fungoides

88
Q

Mycosis Fungoides also known as

A

Alibert-Bazin syndrome

89
Q

Classical Hodgkin lymphoma

A

Hodgkin’s Disease

90
Q

Hodgkin’s Disease hallmark is a large binucleated or multinucleated cell with
each nucleus bearing a very large nucleolus (___)

A

Reed Sternberg Cell

91
Q

3 Major Stages of mycosis fungoides

A

Initial erythematous stage
Plaque Stage
Final Tumor stage

92
Q

Multiple Myeloma other names

A

Plasmatocytoma Kohler’s Disease

93
Q

is a neoplasmic proliferation of morphologically abnormal
plasma cells primarily occurring in the BM either in nodules or
diffusely.

A

Multiple Myeloma

94
Q

Multiple Myeloma has what protin

A

bence jones protein

95
Q

Waldenstrom’s Macroglobulinemia also known as

A

indolent lymphoma

96
Q

is an uncommon condition which behaves as a slowly
progressive lymphoma

A

Waldenstrom’s Macroglobulinemia

96
Q

is proliferation of cells which produce a monoclonal IgM
paraprotein

A

Waldenstrom’s Macroglobulinemia

96
Q

Infectious Mononucleosis has what lymphocyte

A

atypical lymphocyte

97
Q

Infectious Mononucleosis also known as

A

Kissing Disease

Glandular Fever
Pfeiffer’s Disease

97
Q

Histiocytoses or known as

A

Storage Disease

98
Q


represent a group of diseases with abnormal proliferation of
mesenchymal cells that are closely related to phagocytic
histiocytes and to fat cells

A

Histiocytoses/ Storage Disease

99
Q

is a collagen disease which affects women most commonly
characterized by skin rash, arthralgia, fever, renal, cardiac
and vascular lesions, anemia, leukopenia, and
thrombocytopenia

A

Systemic Lupus Erythematosus

99
Q

3 types of Antibody - Systemic Lupus Erythematosus

A

o Anti-DNP
o Anti-DNA
o Anti-nuclear

100
Q

supportive treatment for SLE

A

Systemic Lupus Erythematosus

101
Q

the number 1 organ affected by SLE

A

kidney

102
Q

a disorder secondary to an infection with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)

A

AIDS - Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome

103
Q
  • a RNA retrovirus that is cytotropic for CD4 positive T cells
    and macrophages
A

HIV

104
Q

supportive treatment given to patients with SLE

A

corticosteroid

105
Q

infectious mononucleosis is caused by

A

Epstein
Barr (EB) virus

106
Q
A

HEMATOLOGY (11 decks)

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