Midterm - Intro and Proximate Analysis Flashcards

1
Q

essential nutrient

A

chemical/substance that is required for metabolism, but cannot be synthesized/synthesized rapidly enough

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what is the criteria for nutrients to be essential to the human diet

A
  1. removing the nutrient causes a deficiency and decline in health
  2. putting the nutrient back into diet corrects the problem and health will return
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

when do nutritional deficiencies occur

A

persons nutrient intake consistently falls below the recommended requirement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

deficiency

A

prevention of disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

nutritional requirement

A

ensures optimal health

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what are daily values based on

A

2000 calorie a day diet

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what are used to make dietary reference intakes

A

daily values

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

dietary reference intake (umbrella term)

A

set of reference values for nutrients

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what does DRI reference

A
  • estimated average requirement
  • recommended dietary allowance
  • adequate intake
  • tolerable upper limit
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

when were DRI’s introduced

A

1997

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what establishes nutrient requirements

A
  • estimated average requirement
  • recommended dietary allowance
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

tolerable upper limit:

A

the highest level of continuous daily nutrient intake that causes no risk of adverse effects

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

when is AI proposed

A

when sufficient evidence is not available to establish an EAR and RDA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what is an AI determined based on

A

intake in healthy people who are assumed to have an adequate nutritional status

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what is the AI expected to do

A

meet or exceed the needs of most individual

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what are the organic nutrient classes

A

macronutrients and vitamins

17
Q

what are the inorganic nutrient classes

A

minerals and water

18
Q

food analysis

A

the development, application and study of analytical methods for characterizing foods and their constituents

19
Q

what are the 2 assumptions made for the Kjeldahl analysis

A

all nitrogen is in protein
all protein contains 16% nitrogen

20
Q

3 main steps to the Kjeldahl analysis

A
  1. digestion
  2. distillation
  3. titration
21
Q

what does crude fibre tell us about in proximate analysis

A

cellulose and lignan

22
Q

what does the term dietary fibre refer to

A

all fibre (both soluble and insoluble)

23
Q

3 insoluble fibres

A

cellulose
lignin
hemicellulose

24
Q

3 soluble fibres

A

pectins
gums
mucilages

25
Q

characteristics of insoluble fibres

A

remains intact through intestinal tract
- does not dissolve in water

26
Q

characteristics of soluble fibres

A

forms gel
- dissolves in water

27
Q

downfalls of proximate analysis

A

no info on digestibility
no info on specific amino acids, minerals, lipids or carbs

28
Q

what does the van soest method differentiate between

A

insoluble fibres
- cellulose and hemicellulose
- lignin

29
Q

what does the van soest determine

A

fermentable and non-fermentable CHO

30
Q

what does the Southgate method provide

A

information about sugars starch and various fibres

31
Q
A