Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

NUTR 3210 > Exam - Iodine > Flashcards

Exam - Iodine Flashcards

1
Q

supplement label of iodine

A

thyroid gland support

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

is iodine prevalent in most foods

A

no, iodine content is low

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what is iodine

A

inorganic mineral that is highly water soluble

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

where is iodine found in higher concentrations

A

in coastal populations opposed to mountainous regions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what kind of food has high iodine concentration

A

seafood - especially sea greens

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

where does most iodine consumed come from in North America

A

salt fortified with potassium iodine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

how many mg of iodine does iodized salt contain per g of salt

A

0.03

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

as of 2007, what percentage of the world population live in areas of iodine deficiency

A

29%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

how can dietary iodine be found

A

bound to amino acids or free

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what occurs to iodine in our GI tract

A

iodine is rapidly converted to iodide (ionic form) and absorbed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

where does iodine get absorbed

A

mostly in stomach, a bit in small intestine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what does free iodide do in blood

A

circulates and can enter all tissues

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

where does most of free iodide accumulate

A

thyroid gland

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what percentage of the iodine in our body is located in the thyroid gland

A

70-80%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what is the uptake of iodide mediated by

A

active transport system: Na+/I- symporter (NIS)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

do all tissues depend on iodine

A

no, all tissues depend on thyroid hormones T3 and T4 rather than iodine itself

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

what happens to T3 and T4 after they are made

A

they are released into blood and transported by carrier proteins

18
Q

is there more T4 or T3 in blood

A

50x more T4 than T3 in blood - but T3 is 100x more potent

19
Q

what does T3 interact with

A

thyroid hormone receptor

20
Q

what is T3 and T4 production regulated by

A

thyroid stimulating hormone

21
Q

what occurs when T3 levels are low

A

the hypothalamus signals to the pituitary to release TSH

22
Q

what is thyroglobulin (THG)

A

tyrosine-rich protein

23
Q

what do thyroid hormones influence

A

how body stores and uses energy

24
Q

things that thyroid hormones control

A
  • breathing
  • heart function
  • nervous system function
  • body temp
  • cholesterol level
  • energy balance
  • brain development
  • skin moisture
  • menstruation
25
Q

what does it mean that T3 and T4 are lipophilic

A

they can easily cross plasma membranes

26
Q

what does T3 do in tissues

A

binds to THR which then binds to response elements in promoter regions of DNA to activate gene expression

27
Q

examples of genes activated by T3

A

ATPases
Growth hormone

28
Q

what does the pituitary gland release when T3 levels are low

A

TSH

29
Q

what is occurring when iodine is deficient

A

the thyroid is still being stimulated by TSH to make hormones but it can’t

30
Q

what is the result of the thyroid being unable to make hormones

A

hyperplasia
hypertrophy

31
Q

hyperplasia

A

increase in cell number

32
Q

hypertrophy

A

increase in cell size

33
Q

result of iodine deficiency

A

goiter in adults
cretinism

34
Q

what is a goiter

A

thyroid enlargement

35
Q

what is cretinism

A

when iodine levels are low in mother, fetus does not develop properly

36
Q

what does goiter lead to

A

thyroid cancer if left untreated

37
Q

what can mild goiters be treated with

A

iodine supplements

38
Q

what does cretinism lead to

A

growth and developmental abnormalities - irreversible

39
Q

how many people are affected by iodine deficiency disease

A

over 740 million (13% of world population)

40
Q

how many people have some degree of intellectual disability caused by IDD

A

50 million

NUTR 3210 (29 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions