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NUTR 3210 > Exam - Niacin > Flashcards

Exam - Niacin Flashcards

1
Q

supplement label of niacin

A

converts carbs, proteins, fats to energy

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2
Q

where is pellagra of high incidence

A

areas where corn is the main dietary staple - niacin is attached to indigestible carbs on corns and is poorly absorbed

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3
Q

dietary sources for niacin

A

fish
meats
breads
cereals
coffee
tea

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4
Q

what is niacin also

A

vitamin B3

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5
Q

what is niacin predominantly found as in plant foods

A

nicotinic acid (provitamin)

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6
Q

what is niacin predominantly found as in animal-derived foods

A

nicotinamide
nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD)
nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADP)

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7
Q

where can niacin also be produced

A

in the liver from tryptophan

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8
Q

what is required before absorption

A

digestion of NAD and NADP

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9
Q

how do NAD/NADP get digested

A

they are hydrolyzed by the glycohydrolase enzyme to release free nicotinamide

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10
Q

where are nicotinic acid and nicotinamide absorbed

A

a bit in stomach
mostly in small intestine (facilitated diffusion)

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11
Q

how does niacin circulate in the plasma

A

free nicotinamide

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12
Q

how can nicotinic acid and nicotinamide cross cell membranes

A

simple diffusion in most tissues
carrier mediated transport in kidney and red blood cells

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13
Q

what are nicotinic acid and nicotinamide precursors for

A

NAD and NADP in body

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14
Q

what occurs once NAD(P) is synthesize

A

niacin is trapped in cells

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15
Q

what are the main functions of NADH

A

transfer of electrons to ETC

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16
Q

what are the main functions of NADPH

A

reducing agent in biochemical pathways

17
Q

how many enzymes require NAD(H) or NADP(H) as cofactors

A

over 200

18
Q

issue with corn

A

corn contains significant amounts of niacin but it is bound and not absorbed
also deficient in tryptophan

19
Q

what can be used to help release niacin in corn

A

lime from limestone

20
Q

what does niacin deficiency lead to

A

pellagra

21
Q

how to determine pellagra

A

the 4 Ds

22
Q

what are the 4 Ds of pellagra

A

dermatitis
dementia
diarrhea
death

23
Q

is pellagra reversible

A

most symptoms as long as they are not left untreated for too long

NUTR 3210 (29 decks)

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