Exam - Copper Flashcards

1
Q
A
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2
Q

what does copper function as a component of

A

many important enzymes

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3
Q

enzymes that copper functions as a component of

A

ceruloplasmin
cytochrome c oxidase
superoxide dismutase
dopamine monoxygenase
tyrosinase

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4
Q

what is ceruloplasmin necessary for

A

iron metabolism

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5
Q

what is cytochrome c oxidase a key enzyme in

A

ETC

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6
Q

what is superoxide dismutase necessary for

A

oxidant defence system

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7
Q

what is dopamine monoxygenase key for

A

norepinephrine production

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8
Q

what is tyrosinase involved in

A

melanin formation

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9
Q

how does Cu2+ get transported

A

bound to amino acids

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10
Q

what releases Cu2+ from amino acids

A

HCl and pepsin

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11
Q

what must occur for copper to be absorbed

A

Cu2+ must be reduced to Cu1+

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12
Q

what happens to absorbed copper

A

is is transported to the liver bound to protein, where it gets incorporated into ceruloplasmin

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13
Q

what diseases is due to copper deficiency

A

Menke’s disease

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14
Q

general symptoms of menke’s disease

A

anaemia
hypopigmentation of skin, bone abnormalities, thrombosis

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15
Q

what is menke’s disease also called

A

kinky hair syndrome

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16
Q

what disease is due to copper excess

A

Wilsons disease

17
Q

symptoms of Wilson’s disease

A

drooling
slurred speech
problems swallowing and walking
cognitive impairment

18
Q

how does Wilsons disease work

A

people have a mutation in the ATP7B gene- cannot excrete copper through bile

19
Q

treatments for Wilsons disease

A

low copper diet
chelation therapy
zinc therapy