Midterm Exam Flashcards by Morgan Evans

Identify 6 examples of physical properties

Color, state, shape, smell, texture, density

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Use the following terms in the same sentence: Volume and Meniscus

Volume can be found by observing a meniscus

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Lost 6 physical changes that matter can go through

Crushing, cutting, melting, freezing, boiling, sublimation

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Write a definition for the following terms: Chemical property and Chemical Change

A chemical property measures reactivity with other substances.
A chemical change reacts with another substance to form a new substance/compound

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

The Statue of Liberty was originally an copper color. After being exposed to the air, she turned a greenish blue color. What kind of change happened and why?

A chemical change, because the copper reacted with the air to form green/blue rust

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Explain how to tell the difference between a chemical and physical property

A physical property doesn’t measure how a substance reacts chemically, but a chemical property does

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Use each of the following terms in a separate sentence: Physical property, chemical property, physical change, and chemical change

An example of a physical property is color. An example of a chemical property is ability to react with O2 to form rust. An example of physical change is a change of state. An example of a chemical change is a paper clip rusting

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Explain how the terms differ- Volume and density

Volume is the amount of space objects take up, density is the amount of matter in an object.

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Explain how the process of measuring the volume of a liquid differs from the process of measuring the volume of a solid

You use a graduated cylinder whole solids typically use the water displacement method with a graduated cylinder and a (optional) calculator

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What’s the formula for density?

D=mass/volume

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

List 3 characteristic properties of matter

Temperature, pressure, and volume

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Describe the difference between mass and weight

Weight is the measure of the force of gravity, mass is the amount of matter

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Use the following terms in a separate sentence- viscosity and surface tension

Viscosity is the rate at which a liquid flows. Surface tension is keeps liquid from covering a larger a surface area

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Describe solids, liquids and gases in terms of shape and volume

Solids have a fixed shape and volume. Liquids have a fixed volume but not shape. Gases don’t have a fixed volume or shape

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Describe how the motion and arrangement of particles in a substance change as the substance freezes.

The motions slows and particles start to only vibrate in place. They become more tightly packed.

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Explain what happens to the temperature of an ice-cube as it melts

The motion speeds up/it gets warmer. Particles become looser and began to slide past each other

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Explain how the meaning of the terms differs- Boyle’s law and Charles’s law

Boyle’s law- Under constant temperature, pressure and volume of a gas are inversely related
Charles’s law- Under constant pressure, temperature and volume are directly proportional

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Explain how the meanings of the terms differ- evaporation and boiling

Both turn liquids into gases but evaporation only affects the surface

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Explain how the meanings of the terms differ- condensation and sublimation

Condensation is gas to liquid, sublimation is solid to gas

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Rank solids, liquids, and gases in order of particle speed from highest to lowest

Gases are fastest, liquids in the middle, solids are the slowest

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Use each of the following terms in the same sentence- temperature, pressure, volume, and Charles’s law

Charles’s law states that when pressure is constant, volume and temperature are directly proportional

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What are the effects of a warm temperature on gas particles?

The particles move even faster and they expand

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Definition of compound (in your own words)

A substance made up of 2 or more smaller chemically combined substances

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What type of change is needed to break up a compound?

A chemical change/ decomposition

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is composed of substances that are spread evenly among each other?

Solution

A measure of the amount of split is called what?

Concentration

A what contains particles that will settle out if the mixture is left sitting still

Suspension

List 3 ways for something to dissolve faster

Mixing, heating, crushing

A _______ has a definite ratio of components

Compound

The ability of one substance to dissolve in another substance is called the _____ of the solute

Solubility

A _______ can be separated by filtration

Suspension

A _______ is a pure substance that can't be broken down into simpler substances by chemical means

Element

A ______ is an element that is brittle and dull

Nonmental

The _______ is the substance that dissolves to form a solution

Solute

How are elements, compounds, and mixtures different?

Compounds are made up of 2 or more elements combined chemically and mixtures aren't. Elements make up mixtures and compounds

Use the following terms in the same sentence, element and pure substance

An element is a pure substance

A what is a particle with a negative electric charge

electron

The what is where most of an atoms mass is located

Nucleus

Which experiment demonstrated that atoms are mostly empty space?

Rutherfords gold foil experiment

What is an isotope?

An atom with the same amount of protons as other atoms of the same element, but with a different number of neutrons

An atoms _____ is equal to the number of protons in its nucleus

Atomic number

An atoms ________ is equal to the weighted average of the masses of l the naturally occurring isotopes of that element

Atomic mass

All matter is made up of what?

Atoms

All atoms of the same element contain the same number of what?

Protons

What has no electrical charge?

Neutrons

The what of an element is the number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus

Mass number

The what of an element is an average of the masses of all naturally occurring isotopes of an element

Atomic mass

State the periodic law

Repeating chemical and physical properties change periodically with the atomic number of the element

An atom of a ________ has a full set of electrons of its outermost energy level

Noble gas

An atom of a _____ has one electron in its outermost energy level

Alkali metal

An atom of a _____ tends to gain 1 electron when it combines with another atom

Halogen

An atom of a ______ tends to lose 2 electrons when it combines with another atom

Alkaline earth metal

What are 2 properties of alkali metals?

Most reactive, all elements are solid except for hydrogen

What property did Medelevee use to position elements on his periodic table?

Atomic mass

Elements that are unreactive are called what?

Noble gases

Define molecule

The smallest unit of something that keeps all its properties

Describe chemical bonding

The combining of atoms to form molecules or ionic bonds

Explain how to use valence electrons in an atom to predict if the atom will form bonds

The fewer valence electrons the more reactive

Name 4 ways you can change the rate of a chemical reaction

Concentration, surface area, inhibitors, and catalysts

Name 4 clues that a chemical reaction is happening

Gas formation, solid formation, energy or color change

List 2 physical properties of covalent compounds

Low solubility; low melting points

List 2 functions of proteins

Regulate chemical activities. Provide structural support. Transport materials and store them

What's the difference between a carbohydrate and a lipid?

A carb is a energy giving nutrient. A lipid is a biochemical that doesn't dissolve in water

What's the difference between a protein and a Nucleic acid?

A protein is a molecule made up of amino acids and a Nucleic acid is a molecule made up of nucleotides

What kinds of ions are formed when an acid is dissolved in what're and a base is dissolved in water?

H+ is created when the acid is dissolved and OH- is created when the base dissolved

Compare the electrons in Bohrs theory vs the location of electrons in the current theory

Bohrs theory included electrons jumping from one level to another, unlike the modern model which contains an electron cloud

How can an element that has 5 valence electrons achieve a full set of electrons

If it bonds with an element in group 13