midterm anatomy

Question 1

levels of organization from simple to complex

Answer 1

1. atoms
2. cells
   3.tissues
   4.organs
3. systems

Question 2

anatomical position

Answer 2

body standing posture with arms at side and palms turned forward

Question 3

tissues

Answer 3

a group of cells that have similar structure and function together as a unit

Question 4

proximal

Answer 4

toward or nearest to the trunk

Question 5

distal

Answer 5

away from or farthest from trunk

Question 6

sagittal plane

Answer 6

divides into right and left sections

Question 7

midsaggital plane

Answer 7

divides into 2 equal sections

Question 8

frontal plane

Answer 8

divides body into anterior and posterior sections

Question 9

transverse plane

Answer 9

horizontal plane that divides into upper and lower halves

Question 10

oblique plane

Answer 10

cutting structure diagonal

Question 11

location of liver

Answer 11

right upper quadrant, beneath diaphragm, above stomach

Question 12

what does diaphragm divide

Answer 12

thoracic cavity from abdominal cavity

Question 13

charges of proton, neutron, electron

Answer 13

proton: +
neutron: No charge
electron: -

Question 14

tryglyceride

Answer 14

lipid molecules formed by a glycerol unit head that is joined to 3 fatty acid tails; stores energy

Question 15

substances that make up DNA nucleotide

Answer 15

adenine, thymine, guanine cytosine

Question 16

parts to a cell

Answer 16

plasma membrane, cytoplasm, nucleus

Question 17

what does mitochondria do

Answer 17

responsible for providing complex, energy releasing chemical reactions; powerhouse of cell

Question 18

Smooth ER

Answer 18

does not have ribosomes attached to outer surface

Question 19

Rough ER

Answer 19

does have ribosomes attached to outer surface

Question 20

function of the nervous tissue

Answer 20

senses, conducts, and processes information

Question 21

connective tissue

Answer 21

provides structural and functional support; most abundant and widely distributed tissue in body

Question 22

type of tissue that can be classified according to shape of its cell

Answer 22

epithelial tissue

Question 23

most durable and strong type of cartilage

Answer 23

fibrocartilage

Question 24

heaviest organ in the body

Answer 24

liver

Question 25

functions of the skin

Answer 25

protection, temp regulation, sensation, excretion, prevent UV radiation

Question 26

glands of endocrine system

Answer 26

pituitary gland, pineal gland, hypothalamus, thyroid gland, parathyroid gland, thymus gland, adrenal gland, pancreas, ovaries, testes

Question 27

systems the thymus gland is apart of

Answer 27

lymphatic system, endocrine system

Question 28

primary organs in digestive system

Answer 28

mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestines, large intestines(colon), rectum, anal canal

Question 29

accessory organs in digestive system

Answer 29

teeth, salivary glands, tongue, liver, gallbladder, pancreas, appendix; secrete and store substances that pass through ducts

Question 30

structure of lymphatic system

Answer 30

lymphatic vessels, lymph nodes, tonsils, thymus gland, spleen, lymph fluid, red bone marrow

Question 31

pandemic

Answer 31

epidemics that spread throughout the world

Question 32

epidemic

Answer 32

disease that spreads to many people at same time in defined region

Question 33

endemic

Answer 33

disease that is native to a local region

Question 34

risk factors for disease

Answer 34

genetic factors, age, lifestyle, stress, environmental factors, preexisting conditions

Question 35

mechanisms of transmission of pathogenic organisms

Answer 35

direct contact, airborne, droplet, vector such as mosquito

Question 36

benign tumor

Answer 36

localized growth of cells, encapsulated, stay in primary location without invading other sites of body

Question 37

benign tumor from connective tissue

Answer 37

lipoma, osteoma, chondroma

Question 38

malignant tumor from connective tissue

Answer 38

generally called "sarcomas" lymphoma, osteosarcoma, myeloma, fibrosarcoma

Question 39

difference between disease and syndrome

Answer 39

disease: usually has finding cause, distinguishing symptoms and treatment syndrome: group of symptoms that may not always have definite cause

Question 40

visceral peritoneum covers

Answer 40

covers organs in abdominopelvic cavity

Question 41

where does hair growth begin

Answer 41

hair papilla, hair follicle

Question 42

any type of hair loss is called

Answer 42

alopecia

Question 43

functions of the arrector pili muscle

Answer 43

causes goosebumps, happens when frightened or cold

Question 44

first degree burn

Answer 44

minor discomfort and reddening of skin; typical sunburn

Question 45

second degree burn

Answer 45

blisters, severe pain, swelling fluid loss; deep epidermis layers

Question 46

third degree burn

Answer 46

complete destruction of epidermis and dermis, full thickness burn

Question 47

fourth degree burn

Answer 47

full thickness burn that goes below subcutaneous tissue to muscle or bone; treatment often requires amputation

Question 48

distinction between 2nd and 3rd degree burn

Answer 48

3rd degree burns have no pain immediately after injury due to destruction of nerve endings

Question 49

parts of long bone

Answer 49

- Diaphysis or shaft - Medullary cavity - Epiphyses or ends of long bone - Articular cartilage - Periosteum - endosteum

Question 50

difference between osteoblast and osteoclast

Answer 50

osteoblast: bone forming osteoclast: bone resorping

Question 51

how many vertebrae in each region of spine

Answer 51

thoracic: 12 lumbar: 5 sacrum: 5 coccyx: 3-5 in child fusing into 1 as adult

Question 52

difference between types of joint

Answer 52

synarthroses: no movement amphiarthroses: slight movement diarthroses: free movement

Question 53

conditions caused from lack of vitamin D in infants and children

Answer 53

rickets and osteomalicia

Question 54

types of ribs and what numbers each consist of

Answer 54

true ribs: 1-7 false ribs: 8-12

Question 55

difference between types of muscle tissue

Answer 55

skeletal: striated, voluntary cardiac: smooth, involuntary smooth: nonstriated, involuntary

Question 56

multiple sclerosis (MS)

Answer 56

myelin loss in central nerve fiber causing conduction impairment and autoimmune disorder

Question 57

sensory neuron

Answer 57

carries impulses to brain and spinal cord from all parts of the body; afferent neurons

Question 58

motor neurons

Answer 58

carries impulses in opposite direction away from brain and spinal cord; efferent neurons

Question 59

interneuron

Answer 59

conducts impulses from sensory neuron to motor neurons; central or connecting neuron

Question 60

vital centers of the brain

Answer 60

cardiac, respiratory and vasomotor are in medulla

Question 61

CSF if found in

Answer 61

spaces of meninges