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anatomy > midterm anatomy > Flashcards

midterm anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

levels of organization from simple to complex

A
  1. atoms
  2. cells
    3.tissues
    4.organs
  3. systems
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2
Q

anatomical position

A

body standing posture with arms at side and palms turned forward

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3
Q

tissues

A

a group of cells that have similar structure and function together as a unit

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4
Q

proximal

A

toward or nearest to the trunk

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5
Q

distal

A

away from or farthest from trunk

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6
Q

sagittal plane

A

divides into right and left sections

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7
Q

midsaggital plane

A

divides into 2 equal sections

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8
Q

frontal plane

A

divides body into anterior and posterior sections

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9
Q

transverse plane

A

horizontal plane that divides into upper and lower halves

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10
Q

oblique plane

A

cutting structure diagonal

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11
Q

location of liver

A

right upper quadrant, beneath diaphragm, above stomach

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12
Q

what does diaphragm divide

A

thoracic cavity from abdominal cavity

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13
Q

charges of proton, neutron, electron

A

proton: +
neutron: No charge
electron: -

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14
Q

tryglyceride

A

lipid molecules formed by a glycerol unit head that is joined to 3 fatty acid tails; stores energy

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15
Q

substances that make up DNA nucleotide

A

adenine, thymine, guanine cytosine

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16
Q

parts to a cell

A

plasma membrane, cytoplasm, nucleus

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17
Q

what does mitochondria do

A

responsible for providing complex, energy releasing chemical reactions; powerhouse of cell

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18
Q

Smooth ER

A

does not have ribosomes attached to outer surface

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19
Q

Rough ER

A

does have ribosomes attached to outer surface

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20
Q

function of the nervous tissue

A

senses, conducts, and processes information

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21
Q

connective tissue

A

provides structural and functional support; most abundant and widely distributed tissue in body

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22
Q

type of tissue that can be classified according to shape of its cell

A

epithelial tissue

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23
Q

most durable and strong type of cartilage

A

fibrocartilage

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24
Q

heaviest organ in the body

A

liver

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25
Q

functions of the skin

A

protection, temp regulation, sensation, excretion, prevent UV radiation

26
Q

glands of endocrine system

A

pituitary gland, pineal gland, hypothalamus, thyroid gland, parathyroid gland, thymus gland, adrenal gland, pancreas, ovaries, testes

27
Q

systems the thymus gland is apart of

A

lymphatic system, endocrine system

28
Q

primary organs in digestive system

A

mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestines, large intestines(colon), rectum, anal canal

29
Q

accessory organs in digestive system

A

teeth, salivary glands, tongue, liver, gallbladder, pancreas, appendix; secrete and store substances that pass through ducts

30
Q

structure of lymphatic system

A

lymphatic vessels, lymph nodes, tonsils, thymus gland, spleen, lymph fluid, red bone marrow

31
Q

pandemic

A

epidemics that spread throughout the world

32
Q

epidemic

A

disease that spreads to many people at same time in defined region

33
Q

endemic

A

disease that is native to a local region

34
Q

risk factors for disease

A

genetic factors, age, lifestyle, stress, environmental factors, preexisting conditions

35
Q

mechanisms of transmission of pathogenic organisms

A

direct contact, airborne, droplet, vector such as mosquito

36
Q

benign tumor

A

localized growth of cells, encapsulated, stay in primary location without invading other sites of body

37
Q

benign tumor from connective tissue

A

lipoma, osteoma, chondroma

38
Q

malignant tumor from connective tissue

A

generally called “sarcomas” lymphoma, osteosarcoma, myeloma, fibrosarcoma

39
Q

difference between disease and syndrome

A

disease: usually has finding cause, distinguishing symptoms and treatment
syndrome: group of symptoms that may not always have definite cause

40
Q

visceral peritoneum covers

A

covers organs in abdominopelvic cavity

41
Q

where does hair growth begin

A

hair papilla, hair follicle

42
Q

any type of hair loss is called

A

alopecia

43
Q

functions of the arrector pili muscle

A

causes goosebumps, happens when frightened or cold

44
Q

first degree burn

A

minor discomfort and reddening of skin; typical sunburn

45
Q

second degree burn

A

blisters, severe pain, swelling fluid loss; deep epidermis layers

46
Q

third degree burn

A

complete destruction of epidermis and dermis, full thickness burn

47
Q

fourth degree burn

A

full thickness burn that goes below subcutaneous tissue to muscle or bone; treatment often requires amputation

48
Q

distinction between 2nd and 3rd degree burn

A

3rd degree burns have no pain immediately after injury due to destruction of nerve endings

49
Q

parts of long bone

A
  • Diaphysis or shaft
  • Medullary cavity
  • Epiphyses or ends of long bone
  • Articular cartilage
  • Periosteum
  • endosteum
50
Q

difference between osteoblast and osteoclast

A

osteoblast: bone forming
osteoclast: bone resorping

51
Q

how many vertebrae in each region of spine

A

thoracic: 12
lumbar: 5
sacrum: 5
coccyx: 3-5 in child fusing into 1 as adult

52
Q

difference between types of joint

A

synarthroses: no movement
amphiarthroses: slight movement
diarthroses: free movement

53
Q

conditions caused from lack of vitamin D in infants and children

A

rickets and osteomalicia

54
Q

types of ribs and what numbers each consist of

A

true ribs: 1-7
false ribs: 8-12

55
Q

difference between types of muscle tissue

A

skeletal: striated, voluntary
cardiac: smooth, involuntary
smooth: nonstriated, involuntary

56
Q

multiple sclerosis (MS)

A

myelin loss in central nerve fiber causing conduction impairment and autoimmune disorder

57
Q

sensory neuron

A

carries impulses to brain and spinal cord from all parts of the body; afferent neurons

58
Q

motor neurons

A

carries impulses in opposite direction away from brain and spinal cord; efferent neurons

59
Q

interneuron

A

conducts impulses from sensory neuron to motor neurons; central or connecting neuron

60
Q

vital centers of the brain

A

cardiac, respiratory and vasomotor are in medulla

61
Q

CSF if found in

A

spaces of meninges

anatomy (12 decks)

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