chapter 10

Question 1

function of myelination of the axon

Answer 1

insulates the axon

Question 2

subdivisions of nervous system composed of

Answer 2

central nervous system, peripheral nervous system, and autonomic nervous system

Question 3

central nervous system contains

Answer 3

brain and spinal cord

Question 4

peripheral nervous system contains

Answer 4

all nerves extended from brain and spinal cord, spinal and cranial nerves

Question 5

multiple sclerosis (MS) is

Answer 5

myelin loss in central nerve fiber causes conduction impairment and autoimmune disorder

Question 6

CSF

Answer 6

cerebrospinal fluid; subarachnoid spaces of meninges, central canal inside cord, ventricles in brain

Question 7

what takes place during nerve impulse

Answer 7

electrical charges travel along membrane of the cell; communicate information to the body

Question 8

what is saltatory conduction

Answer 8

when electrical impulses skip from node to node down full axon

Question 9

where does saltatory conduction take place

Answer 9

myelinated nerve fiber

Question 10

what neurotransmitter is deficient in Parkinson’s disease

Answer 10

dopamine

Question 11

parts of brainstem

Answer 11

medulla oblongata, pons, and midbrain

Question 12

medulla oblongata in brainstem

Answer 12

lowest part of brainstem

Question 13

pons in brainstem

Answer 13

above the medulla, formes bridge to narrower midbrain

Question 14

midbrain in brainstem

Answer 14

above the pons

Question 15

what is an interneuron

Answer 15

conducts impulses from sensory neurons to motor neurons

Question 16

different types of neuralgia

Answer 16

astrocytes, microalgia, oligodendrocytes

Question 17

trigeminal neuralgia is

Answer 17

compression of 5th cranial nerve(trigeminal nerve) reoccuring episodes of stabbing pain

Question 18

Bell Palsy is

Answer 18

compression of 7th cranial nerve (facial) paralysis of some or all facial features

Question 19

Herpes/ Shingles is

Answer 19

viral infection caused by chickenpox virus that has invaded the dorsal root ganglion, can infect eye

Question 20

parts of a neuron

Answer 20

dendrites, axon, cell body or soma *look at picture

Question 21

sensory nerve impulse

Answer 21

sensory receptors in skin detect pain or change in temp, they transmit an impulse which reaches the brain

Question 22

motor nerve impulse

Answer 22

sends impulses to a muscle or gland and muscle or gland reacts in response

Question 23

different layers of meninges

Answer 23

dura mater, pia mater, arachnoid mater

Question 24

dura mater

Answer 24

tough outer layer lines in vertebral canal

Question 25

pia mater

Answer 25

innermost membrane covering spinal cord

Question 26

arachnoid mater

Answer 26

membrane between dura and pia mater

Question 27

dermatone

Answer 27

skin surface area supplied by a single cranial or spinal nerve

Question 28

space between presynaptic and postsynaptic neuron

Answer 28

synapse

Question 29

sympathetic nervous system

Answer 29

prepares body for the "fight or flight" response during potential danger

Question 30

parasympathetic nervous system

Answer 30

inhibits the body from overworking and restores the body to a calm and composed state

Question 31

3 cranial nerves for eye movement

Answer 31

oculomotor, trochlear, abducens

Question 32

what forms a 2 layer structure called blood- brain barrier

Answer 32

astrocytes

Question 33

glia`

Answer 33

support and protect nerve cells; do not transmit impulses

Question 34

astrocytes

Answer 34

star shaped cells that anchor small blood vessels to neurons

Question 35

microlgia

Answer 35

smaller cells that are usually stationary; perform phagocytosis if brain tissue becomes inflamed

Question 36

oligodendrocytes

Answer 36

helps hold nerve fibers together

Question 37

schwann cells

Answer 37

the glia cells that form myelin sheath around axons in (PNS)

Question 38

blood brain barrier (BBB)

Answer 38

allows water, oxygen, carbon dioxide, and few other substances such as alcohol to move between blood and tissue of brain

Question 39

endoneurium

Answer 39

surrounds individual axons

Question 40

perineurium

Answer 40

surrounds a group of or fascicle of nerve fibers

Question 41

epineurium

Answer 41

surrounds entire nerve

Question 42

continuous conduction

Answer 42

nerve impulse moving through unmyelinated nerve fiber

Question 43

synapse

Answer 43

place where impulses are transmitted from one neuron to another

Question 44

divisions of the brain

Answer 44

brainstem, cerebellum, diencephalon, cerebrum

Question 45

sensory tracts

Answer 45

conduct impulses from brainstem up to higher parts of the brain

Question 46

motor tracts

Answer 46

conduct impulses from higher parts of the brain down to spinal cord

Question 47

brainstem (medulla oblongata, pons, midbrain) control

Answer 47

heartbeat, respirations, and blood vessel diameter

Question 48

Cerebellum function

Answer 48

produces smooth coordinated functions of movement, substain normal posture

Question 49

Diencephalon 3 parts

Answer 49

hypothalamus, thalamus, pineal gland

Question 50

hypothalamus

Answer 50

major center for controlling ANS, helps control the functioning of most internal organs; also controls temp, sleep cycles, emotions

Question 51

thalamus

Answer 51

relays sensory information from sense organs in body to cerebral cortex

Question 52

pineal gland

Answer 52

recieves sensory information about strength of light seen by eyes

Question 53

Cerebrum

Answer 53

largest and uppermost part of the brain; mental processes of all types, including sensation, consciousness, memory,

Question 54

spinal cord function

Answer 54

carrying impulses to and from brain

Question 55

how many cranial nerves in PNS

Answer 55

12

Question 56

how many spinal nerves in PNS

Answer 56

31

Question 57

1 olfactory

Answer 57

sense of smell

Question 58

2 optic

Answer 58

vision

Question 59

3 oculomotor

Answer 59

controls eye muscles/movements

Question 60

4 trochlear

Answer 60

controls eye muscles/movements

Question 61

5 trigeminal

Answer 61

sensation to face, scalp and teeth; chewing

Question 62

6 abducens

Answer 62

controls eye muscles/ movements

Question 63

7 facial

Answer 63

sense of taste

Question 64

8 vestibulochlear

Answer 64

hearing