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anatomy > chapter 10 > Flashcards

chapter 10 Flashcards

1
Q

function of myelination of the axon

A

insulates the axon

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2
Q

subdivisions of nervous system composed of

A

central nervous system, peripheral nervous system, and autonomic nervous system

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3
Q

central nervous system contains

A

brain and spinal cord

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4
Q

peripheral nervous system contains

A

all nerves extended from brain and spinal cord, spinal and cranial nerves

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5
Q

multiple sclerosis (MS) is

A

myelin loss in central nerve fiber causes conduction impairment and autoimmune disorder

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6
Q

CSF

A

cerebrospinal fluid; subarachnoid spaces of meninges, central canal inside cord, ventricles in brain

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7
Q

what takes place during nerve impulse

A

electrical charges travel along membrane of the cell; communicate information to the body

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8
Q

what is saltatory conduction

A

when electrical impulses skip from node to node down full axon

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9
Q

where does saltatory conduction take place

A

myelinated nerve fiber

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10
Q

what neurotransmitter is deficient in Parkinson’s disease

A

dopamine

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11
Q

parts of brainstem

A

medulla oblongata, pons, and midbrain

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12
Q

medulla oblongata in brainstem

A

lowest part of brainstem

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13
Q

pons in brainstem

A

above the medulla, formes bridge to narrower midbrain

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14
Q

midbrain in brainstem

A

above the pons

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15
Q

what is an interneuron

A

conducts impulses from sensory neurons to motor neurons

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16
Q

different types of neuralgia

A

astrocytes, microalgia, oligodendrocytes

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17
Q

trigeminal neuralgia is

A

compression of 5th cranial nerve(trigeminal nerve) reoccuring episodes of stabbing pain

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18
Q

Bell Palsy is

A

compression of 7th cranial nerve (facial) paralysis of some or all facial features

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19
Q

Herpes/ Shingles is

A

viral infection caused by chickenpox virus that has invaded the dorsal root ganglion, can infect eye

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20
Q

parts of a neuron

A

dendrites, axon, cell body or soma *look at picture

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21
Q

sensory nerve impulse

A

sensory receptors in skin detect pain or change in temp, they transmit an impulse which reaches the brain

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22
Q

motor nerve impulse

A

sends impulses to a muscle or gland and muscle or gland reacts in response

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23
Q

different layers of meninges

A

dura mater, pia mater, arachnoid mater

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24
Q

dura mater

A

tough outer layer lines in vertebral canal

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25
Q

pia mater

A

innermost membrane covering spinal cord

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26
Q

arachnoid mater

A

membrane between dura and pia mater

27
Q

dermatone

A

skin surface area supplied by a single cranial or spinal nerve

28
Q

space between presynaptic and postsynaptic neuron

A

synapse

29
Q

sympathetic nervous system

A

prepares body for the “fight or flight” response during potential danger

30
Q

parasympathetic nervous system

A

inhibits the body from overworking and restores the body to a calm and composed state

31
Q

3 cranial nerves for eye movement

A

oculomotor, trochlear, abducens

32
Q

what forms a 2 layer structure called blood- brain barrier

A

astrocytes

33
Q

glia`

A

support and protect nerve cells; do not transmit impulses

34
Q

astrocytes

A

star shaped cells that anchor small blood vessels to neurons

35
Q

microlgia

A

smaller cells that are usually stationary; perform phagocytosis if brain tissue becomes inflamed

36
Q

oligodendrocytes

A

helps hold nerve fibers together

37
Q

schwann cells

A

the glia cells that form myelin sheath around axons in (PNS)

38
Q

blood brain barrier (BBB)

A

allows water, oxygen, carbon dioxide, and few other substances such as alcohol to move between blood and tissue of brain

39
Q

endoneurium

A

surrounds individual axons

40
Q

perineurium

A

surrounds a group of or fascicle of nerve fibers

41
Q

epineurium

A

surrounds entire nerve

42
Q

continuous conduction

A

nerve impulse moving through unmyelinated nerve fiber

43
Q

synapse

A

place where impulses are transmitted from one neuron to another

44
Q

divisions of the brain

A

brainstem, cerebellum, diencephalon, cerebrum

45
Q

sensory tracts

A

conduct impulses from brainstem up to higher parts of the brain

46
Q

motor tracts

A

conduct impulses from higher parts of the brain down to spinal cord

47
Q

brainstem (medulla oblongata, pons, midbrain) control

A

heartbeat, respirations, and blood vessel diameter

48
Q

Cerebellum function

A

produces smooth coordinated functions of movement, substain normal posture

49
Q

Diencephalon 3 parts

A

hypothalamus, thalamus, pineal gland

50
Q

hypothalamus

A

major center for controlling ANS, helps control the functioning of most internal organs; also controls temp, sleep cycles, emotions

51
Q

thalamus

A

relays sensory information from sense organs in body to cerebral cortex

52
Q

pineal gland

A

recieves sensory information about strength of light seen by eyes

53
Q

Cerebrum

A

largest and uppermost part of the brain; mental processes of all types, including sensation, consciousness, memory,

54
Q

spinal cord function

A

carrying impulses to and from brain

55
Q

how many cranial nerves in PNS

A

12

56
Q

how many spinal nerves in PNS

A

31

57
Q

1 olfactory

A

sense of smell

58
Q

2 optic

A

vision

59
Q

3 oculomotor

A

controls eye muscles/movements

60
Q

4 trochlear

A

controls eye muscles/movements

61
Q

5 trigeminal

A

sensation to face, scalp and teeth; chewing

62
Q

6 abducens

A

controls eye muscles/ movements

63
Q

7 facial

A

sense of taste

64
Q

8 vestibulochlear

A

hearing

anatomy (12 decks)

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