chapter 1-2 exam Flashcards
anatomical position
position which body is standing posture with arms at side and palms turned forward
1st level of organization
atoms and molecules
2nd level of organization
Cells
3rd level of organization
Tissues
4th level of organization
Organs
5th level of organization
Systems
anatomy
the study of the structure of human body
physiology
the study of the function of human body
sagittal
lengthwise plane that divides structure into right and left sections
midsagittal
plane that divides body into 2 equal parts
covalent bonds
sharing of electrons between 2 or more atoms
ionic bonds
form when 2 or more ions come together and are held together by charge differences; donates electron to other atom
pH # thats neutral
7
pH # thats acidic
0
pH # that is basic
14
Frontal (coronal) plane
lengthwise plane that divides a structure into anterior and posterior sections
Transverse (Horizontal) plane
horizontal plane that divides a structure into upper and lower sections
Oblique
“cutting” a structure along a diagonal plane
cranial cavity
space inside the skull that contains the brain
spinal cavity
space inside the spinal column that contains the spinal cord
things in Thoracic Cavity
Mediastinum, pleural cavities, Diaphragm
mediastinum
mid portion of thoracic cavity; heart, trachea, esophagus, thymus, large blood vessel
Pleural Cavities
right lung located in right pleural cavity ; left lung in left pleural cavity
Diaphragm
sheet like and dome like muscle of respiration that separates the thoracic cavity from abdominal cavity
Abdominopelvic Cavity includes
abdominal cavity, pelvic cavity, and retroperitoneal space
Abdominal Cavity
contains stomach, small intestine, part of colon, pancreas and spleen
Pelvic Cavity
Contains reproductive organs, urinary bladder, lowest part of intestines
Retroperitoneal Space
where you find the kidneys
Carbohydrate molecules
Monosaccharide, Disaccharide and Polysaccharide
Monosaccharide
simple sugars; glucose (dextrose) is used as a primary source of energy
Disaccharide
made up of 2 saccharide units; Sucrose ( table sugar) Lactose ( milk sugar)
Polysaccharide
many saccharide units together
what body cavity does diaphragm separate
separates thoracic cavity from abdominal cavity
where is spleen located
left upper quadrant
axial skelaton
made up of bones in your head, neck, back and chest
appendicular skelaton
made up of everything else- bones that attach to axial skelaton
Mass
number of protons and neutrons combined together
Major elements of the body
Oxygen, Carbon, Hydrogen, Nitrogen
Basic unit of proteins
Amino Acids
2 types of nucleic acids
Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA), Ribonucleic Acid (RNA)
what determines the function of a protein
sequence of amino acids
Pathology
study of disease
Superior
toward the head, upper, above
Inferior
toward the feet, lower, below
Anterior
Front, in front of
Posterior
Back, in back of
Medial
Toward midline of structure
Lateral
Away from midline or toward side of structure
Proximal
toward or nearest to the trunk
Distal
away from or farthest from trunk
superficial
nearer the body surface
deep
farther away from body surface
Negative Feedback
they oppose, or negate a change in a controlled condition or environment
Positive Feedback
these are stimulatory
Matter
anything that occupies space and has mass
Atom
smallest unit of matter
Atomic number
the number of protons in nucleus
Atomic mass
the number of protons and neutrons combined
