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anatomy > ch 20, 21, 22 > Flashcards

ch 20, 21, 22 Flashcards

1
Q

cystitis

A

inflammation of the urinary bladder

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2
Q

Hormone that causes Na+ and water resorption

A

Aldosertone

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3
Q

this hormone is secreted when there are low levels of oxygen

A

erythropoietin

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4
Q

where do the calcyes receive urine from

A

collecting ducts

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5
Q

functional unit of the kidney

A

nephron

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6
Q

hormone that affects blood volume

A

Aldosterone

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7
Q

consequence of a diminished GFF (glomerular filtration rate)

A

Oliguria

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8
Q

Hypernatremia

A

elevated serum level of sodium

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9
Q

Hypokalemia

A

low potassium level

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10
Q

Cation that is stored in the bones and teeth

A

calcium

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11
Q

an indication of dehydration

A

skin turgor

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12
Q

urine specific gravity measures

A

hydration status in the body

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13
Q

The ion that determines pH

A

hydrogen

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14
Q

a condition that occurs if output is greater than intake

A

dehydration

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15
Q

the chief extracellular cation

A

Na+ (sodium)

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16
Q

an elevated serum creatinine level most indicative of

A

kidney failure

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17
Q

urinary tract is lined with

A

mucous membranes

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18
Q

another term for micturation

A

urination

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19
Q

what is the inner portion of the kidney called

A

renal medulla

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20
Q

what is the outermost layer of the kidney called

A

renal cortex

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21
Q

what two structures make up the renal corpuscle

A

Bowman’s/renal capsule, glomerulus

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22
Q

what is the absence of urine called

A

anuria

23
Q

which kidney is located higher in the retroperitoneal space

A

left kidney

24
Q

glycosuria is a failure in what

A

glucose reabsorption

25
Q

Aldosterone is secreted from where

A

adrenal cortex

26
Q

what is the process by which material in the nephron moves back into the blood

A

reabsorption

27
Q

what hormones decrease urine production

A

ADH and aldosterone

28
Q

name of structure that carries urine out of the kidney

A

ureter

29
Q

what are the body mechanisms used for regulating pH of its fluids

A
  • buffer mechanism in blood
  • respiratory mechanism
  • urinary mechanism
30
Q

name of space where kidneys are located

A

retroperitoneal space

31
Q

condition when kidneys produce urine but bladder cannot empty urine

A

urinary retention

32
Q

ADH is released from where

A

pituitary gland

33
Q

functions of the urinary system

A

producing and excreting urine from the body

34
Q

layers of the kidney

A

renal cortex(outer)
renal medulla (inner)

35
Q

part of kidney that is expansion of the upper end of the ureter

A

renal pelvis

36
Q

which urinary structure is part of the urinary system and circulatory system

A

glomerulus

37
Q

juxtaglomerular apparatus does when to the body when releasing an enzyme

A

restores normal blood volume and blood pressure

38
Q

glycosuria

A

glucose in urine

39
Q

filtration

A

passes through membrane

40
Q

reabsorption

A

out of kidney tubules back into blood

41
Q

secretion

A

from bloodstream to filtrate

42
Q

hormones that affect urinary system

A

ADH, ANH, Aldosterone

43
Q

organs in the urinary system

A

2 kidneys, 2 ureters,1 bladder, 1 urethra

44
Q

functional unit that creates urine

A

nephrons

45
Q

different urinary disorders

A
  • hydronephrosis: enlargement of renal pelvis
  • renal calculi/kidney stones
  • Tumors
  • Utis
  • pyelonephritis: pelvis nephritis
46
Q

3 ways kidney creates urine

A

filtration, reabsorption and secretion

47
Q

types of urinary incontinence

A

stress, overflow, reflex

48
Q

excessive thirst

A

polydipsia

49
Q

most effective regulators for blood pH

A

kidneys

50
Q

hilium of the kidney

A

gateway for entry and exit of blood by blood vessels, ureters and nerves

51
Q

hydronephrosis

A

excess fluid in kidneys due to backup of urine

52
Q

body mechanics for regulating pH of fluids

A

buffer system
respiratory system
urinary system

53
Q

oliguria

A

urine output below normal

anatomy (12 decks)

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