ch 18 +19 Flashcards
what is the uvula
downward projection of soft palate, prevents food and liquid from entering nasal cavities
where is uvula located
back of the mouth
type of tissue that lines digestive tract
epithelium
location of gallbladder
under surface of liver
different parts of large intestine
cecum, colon: ascending, transverse, descending and sigmoid
name of smooth muscle layer of digestive tract
mascularis mucosa
two hormones secreted by pancreas
insulin and glucagon
peristalsis
series of wave like muscle contractions that move food through the digestive tract
what connects to the duodenum
the stomach
what digestive organ secrete digestive enzymes
pancreas
what prevents gastric juices from getting into the esophagus
lower esophageal sphincter
what prevents food and liquid from entering nasal cavity
uvula
what intestinal enzyme digest carbohydrates
amylase
order of segments of small intestine from stomach to large intestine
duodenum, jejunum, ileum
order in which waste material passes through large intestine
ascending, transverse, descending and sigmoid
catabolism (breakdown of protein) results in what waste product
urea
end product of fat digestion
fatty acids and glycerol
malignant hypothermia can occur when a person recieves
dantrolene (dantrium)
causes of stomach cancer
excessive alcohol consumption, use of chewing tobacco, eating smoked and heavily preserved food, alid H pylori infecton
difference between mechanical and chemical digestion
- mechanical: breaks ingested food into tiny particles; mouth when food is chewed
- chemical: breaks down large, nonabsorbable NUTRIENT molecules into smaller absorbable molecules
chyme
tiny particles of food mixed with gastric juices forming semisolid mixture
only hormone able to reverse hyperglycemia
insulin
which vitamin in body is unable to store
water soluble vitamins; B + C
condition that results from a diet that is sufficient in calories but deficient in protein
kwashiorkor
causes of hepatitis
heavy alcohol use, toxins, drugs, medical conditions, parasite infection
3 consecutive phases of glucose catabolism
- glycolysis
- citric acid cycle (krebs)
- electron transport system (ETS)
marasmus
form of advanced PCM, overall lack of calories and proteins. Characterized by progressive wasting of muscle and subcutaneous tissue
regulating centers for appetite is located in
hypothalamus
scurvy
inability of the body to manufacture and maintain collagen fibers; vitamin deficiency can lead to this
difference between macronutrients and micronutrients
-macronutrients: form bulk of diet carbs, lipids, proteins
-micronutrients: vitamins and minerals
what affects a persons basal metabolic rate (BMR)
how much work someone does, amount of activity
which vitamins are stored in liver for later use
A,D,E,K
cone shaped structure hanging down from soft palate
uvula
what bones are part of he hard palate
maxillary and palatine bones
most common diseases of the mouth and teeth
tooth decay or dentals cavities
different salivary glands
parotid glands, submandibular glands, sublingual glands
which part of the stomach may prevent the diaphragm from moving downward and cause difficulty breathing
fundus
what may result if untreated gallstones block the bile ducts
choledocholithiasis
what are the autoimmune diseases of digestive system
ulcerative colitis, crohn’s diseases, celiac disease, diverticulitis
protein digestion begins where
stomach
most fat digestion occurs in which organ
small intestine
mumps is involved in which salivary gland
parotid
which duct drains bile from gallbladder
hepatic ducts
you listen for _____ when you put the stethoscope to patients abdomen
peristalsis
chief organ of drugdetoxification
liver
parts of the stomach
fundus, the body, and pylorus
mucous membrane surrounded by smooth muscle tissue
digestive system
mechanical and chemical breakdown of food
digestion
the site of absorption for most end products of digestion
small intestine
what is a type of yeast called candida
cause of thrush or oral candidasis
pharynx is term used for throat, what are the subdivisons
nasopharynx, oropharynx, laryngopharynx
this may occur is hepatic duct is blocked
jaundice (yellowing of the skin and sclera of the eyes)
digestive tract muscle layer responsible for peristalsis
muscularis
malignant hyperthermia
inherited condition that causes rise in body temp during surgery and can be fatal
vitamin that aids in calcium absorption
vitamin D
part of brain responsible for thermoregulation
hypothalamus
must be obtained from diet
essential amino acids
part of digestive system where sigmoid is located
large intestine
glucagon can be given as an injection to
increase blood glucose
