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anatomy > ch 18 +19 > Flashcards

ch 18 +19 Flashcards

1
Q

what is the uvula

A

downward projection of soft palate, prevents food and liquid from entering nasal cavities

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2
Q

where is uvula located

A

back of the mouth

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3
Q

type of tissue that lines digestive tract

A

epithelium

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4
Q

location of gallbladder

A

under surface of liver

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5
Q

different parts of large intestine

A

cecum, colon: ascending, transverse, descending and sigmoid

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6
Q

name of smooth muscle layer of digestive tract

A

mascularis mucosa

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7
Q

two hormones secreted by pancreas

A

insulin and glucagon

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8
Q

peristalsis

A

series of wave like muscle contractions that move food through the digestive tract

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9
Q

what connects to the duodenum

A

the stomach

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10
Q

what digestive organ secrete digestive enzymes

A

pancreas

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11
Q

what prevents gastric juices from getting into the esophagus

A

lower esophageal sphincter

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12
Q

what prevents food and liquid from entering nasal cavity

A

uvula

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13
Q

what intestinal enzyme digest carbohydrates

A

amylase

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14
Q

order of segments of small intestine from stomach to large intestine

A

duodenum, jejunum, ileum

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15
Q

order in which waste material passes through large intestine

A

ascending, transverse, descending and sigmoid

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16
Q

catabolism (breakdown of protein) results in what waste product

A

urea

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17
Q

end product of fat digestion

A

fatty acids and glycerol

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18
Q

malignant hypothermia can occur when a person recieves

A

dantrolene (dantrium)

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19
Q

causes of stomach cancer

A

excessive alcohol consumption, use of chewing tobacco, eating smoked and heavily preserved food, alid H pylori infecton

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20
Q

difference between mechanical and chemical digestion

A
  • mechanical: breaks ingested food into tiny particles; mouth when food is chewed
  • chemical: breaks down large, nonabsorbable NUTRIENT molecules into smaller absorbable molecules
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21
Q

chyme

A

tiny particles of food mixed with gastric juices forming semisolid mixture

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22
Q

only hormone able to reverse hyperglycemia

A

insulin

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23
Q

which vitamin in body is unable to store

A

water soluble vitamins; B + C

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24
Q

condition that results from a diet that is sufficient in calories but deficient in protein

A

kwashiorkor

25
Q

causes of hepatitis

A

heavy alcohol use, toxins, drugs, medical conditions, parasite infection

26
Q

3 consecutive phases of glucose catabolism

A
  1. glycolysis
  2. citric acid cycle (krebs)
  3. electron transport system (ETS)
27
Q

marasmus

A

form of advanced PCM, overall lack of calories and proteins. Characterized by progressive wasting of muscle and subcutaneous tissue

28
Q

regulating centers for appetite is located in

A

hypothalamus

29
Q

scurvy

A

inability of the body to manufacture and maintain collagen fibers; vitamin deficiency can lead to this

30
Q

difference between macronutrients and micronutrients

A

-macronutrients: form bulk of diet carbs, lipids, proteins
-micronutrients: vitamins and minerals

31
Q

what affects a persons basal metabolic rate (BMR)

A

how much work someone does, amount of activity

32
Q

which vitamins are stored in liver for later use

A

A,D,E,K

33
Q

cone shaped structure hanging down from soft palate

A

uvula

34
Q

what bones are part of he hard palate

A

maxillary and palatine bones

35
Q

most common diseases of the mouth and teeth

A

tooth decay or dentals cavities

36
Q

different salivary glands

A

parotid glands, submandibular glands, sublingual glands

37
Q

which part of the stomach may prevent the diaphragm from moving downward and cause difficulty breathing

A

fundus

38
Q

what may result if untreated gallstones block the bile ducts

A

choledocholithiasis

39
Q

what are the autoimmune diseases of digestive system

A

ulcerative colitis, crohn’s diseases, celiac disease, diverticulitis

40
Q

protein digestion begins where

A

stomach

41
Q

most fat digestion occurs in which organ

A

small intestine

42
Q

mumps is involved in which salivary gland

A

parotid

43
Q

which duct drains bile from gallbladder

A

hepatic ducts

44
Q

you listen for _____ when you put the stethoscope to patients abdomen

A

peristalsis

45
Q

chief organ of drugdetoxification

A

liver

46
Q

parts of the stomach

A

fundus, the body, and pylorus

47
Q

mucous membrane surrounded by smooth muscle tissue

A

digestive system

48
Q

mechanical and chemical breakdown of food

A

digestion

49
Q

the site of absorption for most end products of digestion

A

small intestine

50
Q

what is a type of yeast called candida

A

cause of thrush or oral candidasis

51
Q

pharynx is term used for throat, what are the subdivisons

A

nasopharynx, oropharynx, laryngopharynx

52
Q

this may occur is hepatic duct is blocked

A

jaundice (yellowing of the skin and sclera of the eyes)

53
Q

digestive tract muscle layer responsible for peristalsis

A

muscularis

54
Q

malignant hyperthermia

A

inherited condition that causes rise in body temp during surgery and can be fatal

55
Q

vitamin that aids in calcium absorption

A

vitamin D

56
Q

part of brain responsible for thermoregulation

A

hypothalamus

57
Q

must be obtained from diet

A

essential amino acids

58
Q

part of digestive system where sigmoid is located

A

large intestine

59
Q

glucagon can be given as an injection to

A

increase blood glucose

anatomy (12 decks)

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