Midterm Flashcards
Developmentalists
Researchers and practitioners whose professional interests lie in the study of the human lifespan
Lifespan development
The scientific field covering all of the human life span
Lifespan development is multidisciplinary
Draws on field including neurosciences social policy nursing psychology
Child development
The scientific study of development of brain to adolescence
Gerontology
The scientific study of the aging process
Adult development
The scientific study of the adult part of life
Normative transitions
Predictable life stages that occur during development
Non Normative transition
Unpredictable or atypical life changes that occur during development
Cohort
The age group that you travel through life with
Baby boom cohort
The huge age group born between 1946 -1964
Contexts of development
Fundemental markers including cohort sex culture that shape how we develop
Socioeconomic status
A basic marker referring to status on educational and income rungs
Developing world
The more impoverished counties
Collectivist cultures
Societies that that prize social Harmony obindeince close family
Individualist cultures
Societies that prize independence
Competition
Personal success
Emerging adulthood
The phase of life that begins after high school,tapers off towards late twenties
Average life expectancy
A persons 50/50 chance at birth of living to a certain age
20th century life expectation revolution
Dramatic increase in life expectancy that occurred first half of twetntyth century
Maximum lifespan
The biological limit of human life
105
Young old
60/70
Old old
Over 80
Great Recession
Dramatic loss of jobs that began with bursting of us housing bubble in late 2007
Income inequality
The gap between the rich and poor within a nation
Specifically when income inequality is wide a nation has few affluent and many disadvantaged citizens
Developed world
The more affluent countries of the world
Theory
Any perspective explaining why people act the way they do
Theories allow us to predict behavior and suggest how to intervene and improve behavior
Traditional behaviorism
The original behavioral world view that focused on charting and modyfying only objective visible behaviors
Operant conditioning
According to the traditional behavioral perspective, the law of learning that determined voluntary response
Specifically we act the way we do because we Are reinforced for acting that way
Cognitive behavioralism
Social learning theory
A behavioral worldview that emphasizes that people learn by watching others and that our thoughts and reinforcers determine behaviors
Cognitive behavioralist
Focus of changing and modyfying thoughts
Self efficacy
An internal belief in our competence that determines whether we initiate in activities or persist in face of failures
Accommodation
Piaget enlarging or mental capacities to fit input from the wider world
Developmental systems perspective
All encompassing outlook on development stresses the need to embrace a variety of theories and that they all relAte
Bronfenbrenners ecological model
Microsystem-direct environment
Mesosystem-relationship between Microsystem
Exosystem: setting in which there is a link between context where a person has no active role
Macro systems-cultures
Chronosystem- transitions
Macro system
Culture of individual
Ses
Ethnicity
Chronosystem
Transitions and shifts in life
Divorce
Piaget sensorimotoe
Ends in language
Manipulates objects
0-2
Preoperations
Perceptions captured by immediate objects
2-7
Concrete operations
Realistic understanding
8-12
Formal operations
Reasoning Hypothetical Scientific Flexible 12+
Crosssecrional study
A developmental strategy that involves testing different age groups at same time
Logitudal study
Tests age group for many years
Fertilization
Union of speech and egg
Sperm surround ovum
Sperm burrows in
Two nuclei of cells fuse
Chromosome
A threadlike strand of DNA that is located in the nucleus of every cell that carries genes
DNA
Makes up genes
Gene
Segment of DNA that contains blueprint for protein
Attachment theory
Theory formed by john bowlby centering on critical importance to our species survival of being closely connected with a caregiver during early childhood and being attached to significant other later in life
Evolutionary psychology
Theory or worldview highlighting the role that inborn species specific behaviors play in human development
Behavioral genetics
Field devoted to scientifically determining the role that hereditary forces play in determining individual differences in behavior t
Twin study
Behavior genetic research strategy, designed to determine connection of a given trait that involves comparing identical twins with fraternal twins
Adoption study
Compare child with biological and adoptive study
Evocative forces
The nature interacts with nurture principle that our genetic temperamental tendencies and predisposition evoke or produce responses from people
Bidirectionality
The crucial principle that people affect one another or that interpersonal influences flow in both directions
Active forces
Nature interacts with nurture principle that our generic tendencies and predispositions cause us to choose to put ourselves environments
Person environment fit
The extent to which the environment is tailored to our biological tendencies and talents
Erik sons psychosocial tasks
Each challenge we face as we travel through the eight stages of lifespan
Piagets cognitive development theory
Piaget principle that from infancy to adolescence children progress through four different stages of intellectual growth
