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Psyyy > Exam 1 > Flashcards

Exam 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Cognitive psych is

A

Study of thought and thinking

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2
Q

Cognition

A

The mental process such as perception, attention, memory etc that the mind does

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3
Q

LTM divided into

A

Explicit(declarative) memory: facts and events

Implicit(procedural): unconscious memory of skills, movements of body

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4
Q

DONDERS: Earliest cog psychologist

A

Simple reaction time vs choice reaction time

Mental responses can me inferred

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5
Q

Ebinghaus

A

Self testing

Forgetting curve

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6
Q

Wundt

A

Structuralism: experience determined by sensations

Established first psych lab

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7
Q

Naive realism

A

Intuitions on the world

Often wrong

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8
Q

Analytic introspection

A

Trained participants to describe experiences and thoughts in response to stimuli

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9
Q

Gestalt psych

A

Look at mind and behavior as whole

Whole greater than sum of parts

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10
Q

Introspectionism

A

Reflect inwards

Inaccuracy

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11
Q

behaviorism

A

Anti cognitive
Study of prediction and control of behavior
No need for mind or cognition

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12
Q

Pavlov

A

Dogs

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13
Q

J. Watson

A

Classical conditioning: pairing one stimulus with another neutral stimulus changes response to neutral stimulus
Little Albert

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14
Q

BF Skinner

A

Operant conditioning: behavior is strengthened by inforcers

Pigeons

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15
Q

problems with Behaviorism

A

Cannot account for effects of memory

Doesn’t account for complex behavior

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16
Q

Tolman

A

Reemergence of the mind

Cognitive maps

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17
Q

Latent learning

A

Learning without reward

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18
Q

iP approach

A

An approach that traces the sequence of mental operations involved in cognition

  • info comes from various channels
  • info routed to different processors
  • info can be accessed at a later time
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19
Q

Structural models

A

Represents a physical structure

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20
Q

Cherry

A

Attended vs unattended messages

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21
Q

Cognitive neuroscience

A

The study of the physiological basis of cognition

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22
Q

Neurons

A

Building blocks for nervous system

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23
Q

Neuron doctrine

A

Idea that cells transmit signals in nervous system

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24
Q

dentrite

A

Receives signals, branch out of cell body

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25
Q

Axon

A

Nerve long fiber
Transmits electrical signals
Can be mynated (fat tissue) to speed up process

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26
Q

Terminal buttons

A

Dispenses neurotransmitters across synapse

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27
Q

Soma is

A

Semi permeable
Ions can flow across ion channels
Ion channels triggered by neuro transmitters maintained by sodium potassium pump

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28
Q

At rest

A 
More K+ inside
More Na+ outside
More negative at rest
-70mv
Polarized
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29
Q

Depolarization

A

Excited

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30
Q

Hyper polarization

A

Inhibited

More negative

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31
Q

Graded response

A

Amplitude equal to intensity of signal

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32
Q

Threshold

A

Minimum level of depolarization before action potential
-65
Truethreshold

33
Q

Action potential

A 
Origates from axon hillock
-65 to 50
Travels down axon 
Lasts 1ms
All or nothing 
More firing not stronger firing
All neurons produce same strength
34
Q

Specificity coding

A

Specifically tuned neurons specialized to respond to a specific stimulus

35
Q

Population coding

A

Pattern of firing or large number of neurons

36
Q

Distributed processing

A

Specific functions are processed by many different areas of the brain

37
Q

Localization

A

Specific functions are served by specific areas

38
Q

Cerebral cortex

A 
Serves most cognitive functions 
Tissue covering brain
Sulci valley
Gyro ridges
Fissures large furrow 
Longitudes= divides left and right
Fissures divided brain into lobes
39
Q

Lobes

A

Frontal: attention higher order cog functions
temporal: auditory
Occipital: vision
Pariental: touch

40
Q

FFA

A

In temporal lobe
In tune with faces
-prosopagnosia (inability to recognize faces)

41
Q

Ex body area

A

In tune with body parts

42
Q

Para hippocampal place area

A

Spatial layout

43
Q

Brock’s and wreinkles areas

A

Language
B:difficulty speaking
W: incoherent speech

44
Q

Sensation

A

Absorbing raw energy through our sensory organs

45
Q

Perception

A

Experiences resulting from stimulation of senses

46
Q

Transduction

A

Conversion of energy to neural signals

47
Q

Inverse projection problem

A

Determining the object responsible for a specific image on the retina

48
Q

Direct perception theory

Bottom up

A

Parts are identified and put together then recognition occurs. Processing begins with the stimulation of receptors.

49
Q

Constructive perception theory

Top down

A

Construct perceptions based on expectations

50
Q

Dual process

A

Perception relies on both bottom up and too down

51
Q

Periciving size

A

BU:the size of image on retina
Td: perceived distance, relevant to environment

52
Q

mcgunk effect

A

Mix of visual and verbal signals

53
Q

Hemhotltz

A

Theory of unconscious inference: we use prior knowledge effortlessly
We perceive the world in the way that it is most likely based on past

54
Q

Gestalt perception

A

Rather than adding up perception, look at overall pattern, relationships
Perceptual organization
Law of good continuation
Apparent movement

55
Q

Heuristic

A

Rule of thumb

56
Q

Modern theory of perception

A

Regularity in environment
Oblique effect
Semantic regulaties are characteristics associated with functions of a scene

57
Q

Bayeish inference

A

Use the idea of regularity and knowledge to guide inference

Math version of hemholtz

58
Q

What where stems

A

Temporal lobe-ventral-what

Pariental-dorsal-where/how

59
Q

Mirror neurons

A

Parietal lobe

Activate when instigating an action and observing the same actions

60
Q

Attention

A

The ability to focus on specific stimulation locations

Limited in capacity and timing

61
Q

Selective attention

A

Ability to focus on a message and ignore others

62
Q

Dichroic listening

A

One message is presented to left ear and mother to the right

Participant shadows message to assure they are attending to message

63
Q

Cherry

A 
Dichroic listening and shadowing
Participant could not reproduce other message
-knew message existed
-knew gender
Unattended ear processed at some level
Cocktail effect
64
Q

Broadbents filter model

A

Messages-sensory memory-filter-attened message-detector-memory
Bottle neck
Problems include cocktail effect

65
Q

Tresimans attention theory

A

A lot of attended message very little of unattended processed for meaning

66
Q

Late filter

A

McKay, most incoming info is processed for meaning then the message to process is selected as

67
Q

Processing capacity

A

Attention is finite

68
Q

High low load

A

High load: early filter

Low load: late filter

69
Q

Covert attention

A

Visual attention without moving the eyes

70
Q

Overt attention

A

Bu- stimulus salience

Td scene scema

71
Q

Sensory memory

A

Stage that holds all incoming

72
Q

STM

A

Longer but still transitory

73
Q

LTM

A

Hold large amounts of information for decades

74
Q

Did get span

A

Miller 7+-2

Is it 4?

75
Q

Auditory coding

A

Represents items in stm based on sound

76
Q

Semantic coding

A

Representing items in terms of their meaning

77
Q

Articulatory suppression

A

Verbalizing nonsrnse words

78
Q

Chunking

A

Small units can me combined into larger meaningful units

79
Q

Central executive

A

Where the major work of working memory occurs

Psyyy (10 decks)

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