370 1 Flashcards
Personality
Stems from Latin persona for mask
A pattern of relatively permanent traits and unique characteristics that give both consistency and individuality to a persons behavior
Traits
How are we different consistent
Individual differences
Stable across situations
Characteristics
Unique qualities (physique temperament intelligence)
Barnum effect
Individuals give high accuracy ratings to descriptions of their personality hat are actually vague
Personality tests measure
Character temperament disposition predict clinical disorders select careers increase function understanding
Prime characteristics of personality
- unique
- enduring
- evolutionary
- genetic
- made up of traits
Genetic traits
Novelty
Thrill seeking
Anxiety
Impulsivity
Shared environment
Parents
House
Siblings
Womb
Temperament
Biologically based disposition to behave in a certain way. Leads to future personality traits
Dimensions of temperament
Activity level Sensitivity Intensity Adaptability Persistence Mood
Big 5
Openness Concientous Extra version Agreeableness Neuroticism
Does personality change
More agreeable and concientous over time
Brain injury
Parenthood
Changes in life circumstances
Tests
S data- self report questionarre interview
O data - observation
T data- standard testing
L data - life events
Physiological data : Fmri, biofeedback
Objective tests
Myers Briggs
PAI
MMPU
NEOB(big 5)
Projective tests
Ambiguous stimuli
Roarsarch
Word association
TAT (thematic)
Behavioral assessment
What a person does
Journaling or observation
Reliability
Consistency
Validity
Measures what it’s suppose to
Internal consistency
Parts are consistent as well as the whole
Construct validity
Measures accuracy of a theoretical construct
Content validity
Is it measuring what it is suppose to
Heirarchy of behavior organization
Specific acts or cognitions
habitual acts
Traits
Super factors (interrelated)
Cattels trait theory
Inductive
Divided traits into common and unique
16 pF
Allport
Beloved traits followed you from situations Traits divided to three -common :basic -functionally autonomous :adult -proprium: core
Dispositions allport
Personal: particular to person
Cardinal: values that rule behavior
Central: what others see
Costa and mcrae
Facets of big 5
- Openness: fantasy aesthetic feelings ideas actions
- conscientiousness: order, deliberation,
- extroversion: warmth, activity, excitedness, gregarious, assertive
- agreeableness: trust, altruism, modesty, tender
- neuroticism: anxiety, stress, hostility, impulseiveness
6th hexacto model
Honesty/humility
Factor analysis
Stats technique that mathematically defines meaning in set of variables
Human genome
80,000 genes on 23 pairs of chromosomes
Human genome project
Sequence entire genome
Sequence does not equal functions
Goals of behavior genetics
Determine % of individual differences due to genes
Determine ways genes and environment interact
Determine where in environment environment effects exist
Hered ability
Proportion of observed variance that is explained by genetic variance
Environmemtality
Variance due to environmental variance
Behavioral genetics methods
Selective breeding
Twin family adoption studies
Big 5 heredablity
E 52 0 48 c 47 N 43 A 42
Passive
Parents provide gene and environment but child doesn’t seek
Reactive
Parents respond differently based on child’s genes
Active
Person without genes self environment
D4dr gene
Chromosome 11
Codes for dopamine
Mesomorph
Muscular
Ectomorph
Thin
Endomorph
Overweight
Sensation seeking
Too much MAO
Clogingers tridemnsionalntheory
Novelty seeking, harm avoidance , reward dependent
Low dole, aero, norph
Asymmetry
Positive- left frontal
Negative - right frontal
Four stages of attachment bowlby
Pre attachment (0-2months) no discriminate
In the making (2-6months) directs signals to a person, no protest
Clear cut (6 months to 3 or 4) separation anxiety. Can be attached to several
Goal (3,4 +) separation protest declines
Attachment styles ainsworth
Secure attachment (consistent)
Avoidant (disengaged)
Ambivalent (anxious, inconsistent)
Disorganized (extreme angry)
Self concept
Basis for self understanding
Social identity
Basis for self awareness
