Midterm #2 - Trauma and Dissociation

Question 1

trauma and stressor related disorders

Answer 1

• childhood attachment
• adjustment
• PTSD
• acute stress disorder

Question 2

PTSD (main bulletpoints)

Answer 2

• emotional disorder following a trauma, physical assault, natural disaster etc.
• long-lasting severe emotional reaction
• non-recovery

Question 3

4 categories of PTSD symptoms

Answer 3

1. cognitive re-experiencing
2. avoidance
3. negative mood/cognitive
4. somatic

Question 4

cognitive re-experiencing (PTSD)

Answer 4

• nightmares/flashbacks
• intrusive thoughts
• reactivity

Question 5

avoidance (PTSD)

Answer 5

• avoid intense feelings, thoughts, memories or reminders of the event

Question 6

negative mood/cognitive (PTSD)

Answer 6

• loss of interest, detachment, feeling low or hopeless
• forget the event, blame/survivors guilt

Question 7

somatic (PTSD)

Answer 7

• sleep problems
• irritability
• hypervigilance

Question 8

how long do people have to experience stress symptoms to be diagnosed with PTSD?

Answer 8

• 1+ months after the event
• diagnosed as acute stress before that

Question 9

groups with higher rates of PTSD

Answer 9

• first responders
• LGBTQ+
• sexual minorities

Question 10

PTSD causes

Answer 10

• intensity and severity of the trauma
• poor support system
• diathesis stress model

Question 11

PTSD treatments

Answer 11

• prolonged imaginal exposure
• SSRI
• cognitive processing theory
• EMDR

Question 12

adjustment disorder

Answer 12

• anxious/depressive reactions to life stress

Question 13

attachment disorder

Answer 13

• distributed and developmentally inappropriate behaviours before age 5
• can be caused by abuse

Question 14

reactive attachment disorder

Answer 14

• doesn’t seek out caregiver for protection or support

Question 15

disinhibited social engagement disorder

Answer 15

• no inhibitions whatsoever to approaching adults

Question 16

depersonalization

Answer 16

• outside observer of own life
• not connected to self

Question 17

derealization

Answer 17

• feel cut off from the world
• dream-like state

Question 18

depersonalization-derealization disorder

Answer 18

• persistent/recurrent depersonalization, derealization, or both
• cognitive and perceptual deficits, mind emptiness

Question 19

dissociative amnesia

Answer 19

• generalized: inability to remember anything (including identity)
• localized/selective: inability to remember specific events

Question 20

dissociative fugue

Answer 20

• memory loss revolves around an unexpected trip(s)
• intolerable situation left behind

Question 21

dissociative identity disorder (DID)

Answer 21

• adoption of many identities at the same time
• 2+ distinct personality states
• recurrent gaps in memory
• distress or impairment
• not a normal part of their culture or religion

Question 22

host identity (DID)

Answer 22

• asks for treatment

Question 23

switch (DID)

Answer 23

• instantaneous transition between personalities

Question 24

DID causes

Answer 24

• childhood abuse (want to escape situation)
• could be a subtype of PTSD
• suggestibility personality trait

Question 25

autohypnotic model

Answer 25

• suggestible people may use dissociation as a defense against trauma

Question 26

DID treatment

Answer 26

• not a lot of research
• long-term psychotherapy to reintegrate separate personalities