Midterm #1 - Behaviour in a Historical Context

Question 1

Psychological disorder

Answer 1

• disfunction
• distress or impairment in functioning
• not typical

Question 2

Prototypical symptoms

Answer 2

• standard for a disorder in the DSM-5
• comparison

Question 3

what can a clinical psychologist do?

Answer 3

• assess, treat, diagnose, research
• regulated by college of psychologists

Question 3

psychopathology

Answer 3

• scientific study of psychological disorders

Question 4

the scientist practitioner

Answer 4

• evidence based (use literature)
• evaluate assessments or treatment procedures
• conduct research (produces new info)

Question 5

presenting problem

Answer 5

• what concern client has
• thoughts, behaviours, feelings

Question 6

prevalence

Answer 6

• number of people in the populations who have had the disorder (%)

Question 7

incidence

Answer 7

• number of new cases per certain time period

Question 8

age of onset

Answer 8

• typical age to experience symptoms

Question 9

course

Answer 9

• how disorder occurs in individuals

Question 10

onset

Answer 10

• acute: sudden
• insidious: slow/across time

Question 11

prognosis

Answer 11

• forecast
• likely course of a disorder

Question 12

etiology

Answer 12

• why a disorder begins

Question 13

5 Ps

Answer 13

• presenting problem
• predisposing factors
• precipitating factors
• perpetuating factors
• protective factors

Question 14

presenting problem (5 Ps)

Answer 14

• concern
• client finds hard to manage

Question 15

predisposing factors (5 Ps)

Answer 15

• biological, environmental, or personality
• put client at higher risk

Question 16

precipitating factors (5 Ps)

Answer 16

• significant present event that brings problem about
• might combine with predisposing

Question 17

perpetuating factors (5 Ps)

Answer 17

• sustain and reinforce problems

Question 18

protective factors (5 Ps)

Answer 18

• help to moderate or diffuse problem

Question 19

the supernatural model of behaviour

Answer 19

• thought that undesirable behaviour was a battle of good and evil
• psych disorder = possessed

Question 20

early treatments in the supernatural model of behaviour

Answer 20

• exorcism
• witch hunts
• shackling people to the church
• snake pits

Question 21

humoural theory

Answer 21

• 4 humours: black bile, phlegm, blood, yellow bile
• Galen and Hippocrates
• too much or too little of one humour = disease

Question 22

what was the significance of syphilis in mental health treatment?

Answer 22

• had cognitive symptoms thought to be a mental disorder (psychosis)
• lead to belief that all mental disorders had underlying physical causes and could be treated accordingly

Question 23

the psychological model

Answer 23

• Plato: maladaptive behaviour stemmed from social and cultural influences
• Plato had similar approach to modern day

Question 24

psychoanalytical theory

Answer 24

• Freud
• id, ego, superego
• uncovering unconscious mental processes

Question 24

id

Answer 24

• basic impulses
• immediate gratification
• pleasure principle

Question 25

ego

Answer 25

• conscious level
• rational and logical
• mediating id and superego

Question 26

superego

Answer 26

• ideals and morals
• preconscious
• strive for perfection

Question 27

free association

Answer 27

• say whatever comes to mind
• helps uncover unconscious processes
• part of psychotherapy

Question 28

transference

Answer 28

• feelings about past relationships redirected unconsciously to the therapist

Question 29

countertransference

Answer 29

• therapists project own personal issues or feelings onto the patient

Question 30

humanistic theory

Answer 30

• counter to Freud
• Jung and Adler: optimism
• Maslow: self actualization and hierarchy of needs

Question 31

person centered therapy

Answer 31

• Carl Rogers: best humanist
• unconditional positive regard
• transcribed sessions to determine best methods

Question 32

unconditional positive regard

Answer 32

• almost unqualified acceptance of most of the client’s feelings and actions
• non-judgemental
• Carl Rogers

Question 33

3 conditions for change in therapy

Answer 33

• unconditional positive regard
• genuineness: no facade
• accurate empathy: not sympathy, not too invested, but understand what client is feeling

Question 34

the behavioural model

Answer 34

• reaction to psychoanalysis
• reinforcement and punishment

Question 35

systematic desensitization

Answer 35

• fear extinguishing
• habituation
• precursor to exposure therapy

Question 36

Thorndike’s law of effects

Answer 36

• behaviour strengthened or weakened depending on the consequences