Midterm #1 - Behaviour in a Historical Context Flashcards
Psychological disorder
- disfunction
- distress or impairment in functioning
- not typical
Prototypical symptoms
- standard for a disorder in the DSM-5
- comparison
what can a clinical psychologist do?
- assess, treat, diagnose, research
- regulated by college of psychologists
psychopathology
- scientific study of psychological disorders
the scientist practitioner
- evidence based (use literature)
- evaluate assessments or treatment procedures
- conduct research (produces new info)
presenting problem
- what concern client has
- thoughts, behaviours, feelings
prevalence
- number of people in the populations who have had the disorder (%)
incidence
- number of new cases per certain time period
age of onset
- typical age to experience symptoms
course
- how disorder occurs in individuals
onset
- acute: sudden
- insidious: slow/across time
prognosis
- forecast
- likely course of a disorder
etiology
- why a disorder begins
5 Ps
- presenting problem
- predisposing factors
- precipitating factors
- perpetuating factors
- protective factors
presenting problem (5 Ps)
- concern
- client finds hard to manage
predisposing factors (5 Ps)
- biological, environmental, or personality
- put client at higher risk
precipitating factors (5 Ps)
- significant present event that brings problem about
- might combine with predisposing
perpetuating factors (5 Ps)
- sustain and reinforce problems
protective factors (5 Ps)
- help to moderate or diffuse problem
the supernatural model of behaviour
- thought that undesirable behaviour was a battle of good and evil
- psych disorder = possessed
early treatments in the supernatural model of behaviour
- exorcism
- witch hunts
- shackling people to the church
- snake pits
humoural theory
- 4 humours: black bile, phlegm, blood, yellow bile
- Galen and Hippocrates
- too much or too little of one humour = disease
what was the significance of syphilis in mental health treatment?
- had cognitive symptoms thought to be a mental disorder (psychosis)
- lead to belief that all mental disorders had underlying physical causes and could be treated accordingly
the psychological model
- Plato: maladaptive behaviour stemmed from social and cultural influences
- Plato had similar approach to modern day
psychoanalytical theory
- Freud
- id, ego, superego
- uncovering unconscious mental processes
id
- basic impulses
- immediate gratification
- pleasure principle
ego
- conscious level
- rational and logical
- mediating id and superego
superego
- ideals and morals
- preconscious
- strive for perfection
free association
- say whatever comes to mind
- helps uncover unconscious processes
- part of psychotherapy
transference
- feelings about past relationships redirected unconsciously to the therapist
countertransference
- therapists project own personal issues or feelings onto the patient
humanistic theory
- counter to Freud
- Jung and Adler: optimism
- Maslow: self actualization and hierarchy of needs
person centered therapy
- Carl Rogers: best humanist
- unconditional positive regard
- transcribed sessions to determine best methods
unconditional positive regard
- almost unqualified acceptance of most of the client’s feelings and actions
- non-judgemental
- Carl Rogers
3 conditions for change in therapy
- unconditional positive regard
- genuineness: no facade
- accurate empathy: not sympathy, not too invested, but understand what client is feeling
the behavioural model
- reaction to psychoanalysis
- reinforcement and punishment
systematic desensitization
- fear extinguishing
- habituation
- precursor to exposure therapy
Thorndike’s law of effects
- behaviour strengthened or weakened depending on the consequences
