Midterm #1 - Integration in Psychopathology Flashcards
multidimensional integrative approach (5 aspects)
- biological
- psychological
- emotional
- social and interpersonal
- behavioural
biological (multidimensional approach)
- genetics and neuroscience
psychological (multidimensional approach)
- behaviours and cognitive processes
emotional (multidimensional approach)
- emotional responses
- very complex
social and interpersonal (multidimensional approach)
- interactions with others in society
behavioural (multidimensional approach)
- conditioned response to stimulus
the diathesis stress model
- why a disorder develops
- diathesis: inherited tendency for vulnerability to a disorder
- stressor: circumstance or experience in environment which creates stress and triggers development of disorder
gene-environment correlation model
- genes could increase probability of experiencing stressful events
- individuals may impact their environment through their genes
neurotransmitters
- increase/decrease something in brain
- messengers
agonist
- increases activity of transmitter
antagonist
- reduce or block neurotransmitters
inverse agonist
(remember it exists)
linear
trace origins of behaviour to a single cause
glutamate and GABA
- neurotransmitters
- chemical brothers
- glutamate: excitatory, leads to action
- GABA: inhibitory, slows things down
serotonin
- neurotransmitter
- regulation of our behaviour, moods, and thought processes
- 6 major circuits
SSRI
- selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors
- used to treat anxiety, mood, and eating disorders
- inhibit serotonin from being taken back up
- positively impacts mood behaviour
norepinephrine/noreadrenaline
- neurotransmitter
- fight or flight
- connected to panic
dopamine
- major neurotransmitter
- connection to schizophrenia and addiction
automatic processes
- function underneath our level of awareness
effortful processes
- within our awareness, thinking
- processes we can track
conditioning processes
- learning 2 things go together after seeing them paired
learned helplessness
- we learn that nothing we do will impact our environment
- give up (can lead to depression)
- discovered in animals first
learned optimism
- cognitive stage of optimistic thinking
- can still be realistic
- predicts longer life
social learning theory
- Bandura
- learning from observing others or situations
- modelling and bobo doll experiment
3 steps of social learning
- attention
- retention
- reproduction
attention (social learning)
- noticing models behaviour
retention (social learning)
- remember model’s behaviour
reproduction (social learning)
- exhibiting the models behaviour
- more likely to if rewarded than punished
Cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT)
- targets automatic thoughts, attitudes, and behaviours that maintain disorders (depression/anxiety)
emotions
- behaviour motivators
- short in duration
- response to external event
3 components of emotions
- behaviour
- physiology
- cognition
mood
- long-lasting
- varieties of behaviours, cognitions, and emotions
social influences
- longer lifespan
- relationships protect against physical and psych disorders
- isolation increases risk of death
excitatory neurotransmitter
- increase likelihood that the connecting neuron will fire
inhibitory neurotransmitter
- decrease likelihood that the connecting neuron will fire
2 parts of the brain
- brain stem
- fore brain
the hindbrain and midbrain are a part of the … ?
- brain stem
the limbic system, basal ganglia, and cerebral cortex are a part of the … ?
- forebrain
the peripheral nervous system
- coordinates with brain stem to make sure body is working properly
- somatic nervous system
- autonomic nervous system
sympathetic nervous system
- mobilizes body during times of stress or danger
parasympathetic nervous system
- balance the sympathetic system
- normalizes arousal
