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Bio 361 - Molecular Genome and Genomics > Midterm 2 - Notes 6 (Part 2) > Flashcards

Midterm 2 - Notes 6 (Part 2) Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Auxin

A

A positive regulator of cell division, cell elongation and vascular differentiation

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2
Q

Cytokinin

A

Positive regulator of cell division and cell differentiation
- most likely expanded by combined actions

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3
Q

What do plant growth hormones often act in?

A

Concert

- ratio of auxin and cytokinin: undifferentiated proliferation (callus), root formation or shoot formation

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4
Q

What other hormones are involved in via secondary effects?

A

Ethylene

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5
Q

What are elevated levels in transformed cells sufficient to do?

A

Induce tumour formation and vascularization of tumours

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6
Q

What did infected and axenic tumour tissues produce?

A

Amino acid conjugates that have not been found before in plants
- called opines

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7
Q

What is the composition of opines dependent on?

A

Agrostrain

- but not on plant host infected

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8
Q

Where does opine specifying information come from?

A

Bacterium

- alongside with the TIP

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9
Q

What is a carbon source for bacteria?

A

Opines

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10
Q

What are strains specific to? (2)

A
  1. What they can build

2. What they can break down

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11
Q

What do you typically not find in plants? And why?

A

Typically dont find octopine and nopaline

- because plants dont make them

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12
Q

Where can you find octopine and nopaline?

A

In tumours

- the strain is specific to which compound is being made

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13
Q

What happens if you remove anti-bacterium after initiation?

A

They continue produce because they are now cancerous

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14
Q

What are crown gall tumours introduced by?

A

A. tumefaciens

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15
Q

What must have been transferred to the plant?

A

TIP

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16
Q

What can virulence be transferred to?

A

Normally non virulent strains

17
Q

Why was virulence lost?

A

When bacterial is grown at elevated temps

18
Q

What does presence of a large plasmid correlate with? (3)

A
  1. Virulence
  2. Tumour formation
  3. Opine biosynthesis
    - later called the tumour inducing or Ti-plasmid
19
Q

Where was there more connection between?

A

The ability to affect the plant and the plasmid

- ability to transfer virulent from one with it to one that doesnt have it

20
Q

What happens if you heat them up?

A

It doesnt kill them but it can be lost and so is virulence

21
Q

What is necessary for infection?

A

Ti plasmid

- contains a tumour inducing principle

22
Q

What is Ti plasmid responsible for?

A

Transfer of TIP produced elsewhere

23
Q

What was being looked at in the DNA hybridization study?

A

If the plasmid from anti-bacterium is present in the eukaryotic cells

24
Q

What were the steps in the DNA hybridization study? (6)

A
  1. Labelled single strands of plasmid DNA (radioactive labels)
    - used hybridization
  2. Mix with excess tumour DNA
  3. Denatures DNA at 100C
    - allowed for it to denature and renature
  4. Allow to re-associate at 65C
    - labelled double strand only formed if cDNA present in target DNA
  5. Separate single and double stranded DNA on hydroxyapatite columns
    - would expect if the DNA is present that you would get dsDNA with the radioactive labelled strand
  6. Count radioactivity in each fraction
25
Q

What was used as a positive control in the DNA hybridization study?

A

Took labelled strand with on labelled strand and hybridized it with itself

26
Q

What was used as a negative control in the DNA hybridization study?

A

Mixed Ti plasmid with plant DNA

27
Q

Why was the DNA hybridization study not convincing?

A

Because the whole plasmid is not incorporated into plant tumour DNA

28
Q

What did they discover in the DNA hybridization study?

A

3B was the only band that was present in plant DNA from tumours

29
Q

What are some additional experiments that were being performed? (2)

A
  1. Genomic southern blots
  2. Recovery of T-DNA from genomic DNA of tumours
    - ect…
30
Q

What is the part of the plasmid that gets transferred?

A

T-DNA

Bio 361 - Molecular Genome and Genomics (35 decks)

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