Midterm 1 - Notes 3 (Part 3)

Question 1

What transcription factor was almost identical in both the 3 and the 9 spine stickleback?

Answer 1

Pitx1

- no difference between pelvis and non-pelvis individuals in both species

Question 2

What can cause a lack of Pitx1 expression?

Answer 2

Mutated cis-element

Question 3

What did they find when the isolated the genomic region that contained the Pitx1 gene in the 9 and 3 stickleback?

Answer 3

They found in both that there were 2 transcriptase variances that were being transcribed from the same Pitx1 gene

Question 4

What were the intron and exon patterns like in the 3 and 9 spine stickleback?

Answer 4

Very similar
- both DNA binding pf the transcription factors and trans activation are both present and are almost identical (meaning there are very few differences = few amino acid changes)

Question 5

What kind of approach did they use when looking at the Pitx1 expression in pungitius?

Answer 5

In situ hybridization

- with basically the same results as before

Question 6

What did the results suggest when comparing 3 and 9 spine sticklebacks?

Answer 6

Suggested same genes and mechanism that caused the convergent evolution in distance related fish

Question 7

What side (right or left) is the hind limb reduction and severity more pronounced?

Answer 7

Right

Question 8

What do manatees retain small amounts of?

Answer 8

Vestiges

- its pelvic fins

Question 9

Vestiges

Answer 9

A trace of something that is disappearing or no longer exists

Question 10

What did they find when they compared the manatee results to the sticklebacks?

Answer 10

That both species had similar results

- reduced right fin compared to the left