Midterm 1 - Notes 1 Flashcards
Genetics
One/ a few genes at a time
Genomics
All genes are parallel
What does the central dogma of molecular genetics consist of?
Protein coding genes (human genome)
How many protein coding genes are there?
20,687
How many non-coding RNAs are there?
33,977
What are the 5 steps that go from DNA to proteins?
- DNA
- RNA synthesis (transcription)
- RNA
- Protein synthesis (translation)
- Proteins (amino acids)
What is the size of the human genome (in bases)?
3.2 billion bases
What percentage of the protein coding genes come from the genome?
20%
What percentage of the genome are exons?
1.5%
What is the percentage of repetitive elements in the human genome?
50%
What are genomes organized into?
Chromosomes
What does epigenetics control through?
Chromatin structures
-accessibility
What is the level of transcriptional control?
Level of initiation
What does transcriptional control define?
Defines when and how much of a gene is being transcribed
What are 2 things associated with post transcriptional control?
- mRNA stability
2. Turn over rate
Turn over rate is most stable/ most non stable when? (2)
- Stable = stays around longer
2. Non-stable = degrades quickly
What does translational control determine?
Determines how much proteins is produced (even if you have the same amount of translation)
What 2 things are associated with translational control?
- Initiation of translation
2. Translation efficiency
What 2 things are involved with signal perception?
- Extracellular molecules
2. Receptor proteins
What is involved with signal transduction, integration and amplification?
Intracellular signalling proteins
What is involved with the response?
Effector protein
What does the metabolic enzyme control?
Altered metabolism
What does gene regulatory protein control?
Altered gene expression
What does cytoskeletal proteins control?
Altered cell shape or movement
