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Bio 361 - Molecular Genome and Genomics > Midterm 1 - Notes 1 > Flashcards

Midterm 1 - Notes 1 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Genetics

A

One/ a few genes at a time

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2
Q

Genomics

A

All genes are parallel

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3
Q

What does the central dogma of molecular genetics consist of?

A

Protein coding genes (human genome)

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4
Q

How many protein coding genes are there?

A

20,687

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5
Q

How many non-coding RNAs are there?

A

33,977

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6
Q

What are the 5 steps that go from DNA to proteins?

A
  1. DNA
  2. RNA synthesis (transcription)
  3. RNA
  4. Protein synthesis (translation)
  5. Proteins (amino acids)
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7
Q

What is the size of the human genome (in bases)?

A

3.2 billion bases

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8
Q

What percentage of the protein coding genes come from the genome?

A

20%

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9
Q

What percentage of the genome are exons?

A

1.5%

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10
Q

What is the percentage of repetitive elements in the human genome?

A

50%

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11
Q

What are genomes organized into?

A

Chromosomes

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12
Q

What does epigenetics control through?

A

Chromatin structures

-accessibility

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13
Q

What is the level of transcriptional control?

A

Level of initiation

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14
Q

What does transcriptional control define?

A

Defines when and how much of a gene is being transcribed

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15
Q

What are 2 things associated with post transcriptional control?

A
  1. mRNA stability

2. Turn over rate

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16
Q

Turn over rate is most stable/ most non stable when? (2)

A
  1. Stable = stays around longer

2. Non-stable = degrades quickly

17
Q

What does translational control determine?

A

Determines how much proteins is produced (even if you have the same amount of translation)

18
Q

What 2 things are associated with translational control?

A
  1. Initiation of translation

2. Translation efficiency

19
Q

What 2 things are involved with signal perception?

A
  1. Extracellular molecules

2. Receptor proteins

20
Q

What is involved with signal transduction, integration and amplification?

A

Intracellular signalling proteins

21
Q

What is involved with the response?

A

Effector protein

22
Q

What does the metabolic enzyme control?

A

Altered metabolism

23
Q

What does gene regulatory protein control?

A

Altered gene expression

24
Q

What does cytoskeletal proteins control?

A

Altered cell shape or movement

Bio 361 - Molecular Genome and Genomics (35 decks)

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