Midterm 2 Flashcards
James-Lange Theory
Arousal comes before emotion
Cannon-Bard Theory
Arousal and emotion happen at the same time
Schachter and Singer Two-Factor Theory
Emotions have 2 ingredients: 1) Physical arousal 2) Cogniitive appraisal
Spillover Effect
Spillover arousal from one event to the next - influencing a response
Zajonc
Some emotional responses involve no deliberate thinking
LeDoux
Sometimes emotional response takes neural shortcut that bypasses the cortex and goes directly to amygdala
Lazarus
Brain processes much information without conscious awareness. Mental functioning still takes place.
-emotions arise when an event is appraised as harmless or dangerous
Sympathetic nervous system
physiological arousal
- pupils dilate
- salvation decreases
- sweat
- breathing increases
- heart accelerates
- inhibit digestion
- adrenal glands secrete stress hormones
- immune system functioning reduced
Parasympathetic nervous system
calms down the body
- pupils contract
- salvation increases
- stop sweating
- breathing slows down
- heart rate decreases
- digestion activates
- adrenal glands decrease secretion of stress hormones
- immune system functioning enhanced
What are the 10 basic emotions
1) joy
2) anger
3) interest
4) disgust
5) surprise
6) sadness
7) contempt
8) fear
9) shame
10) guilt
Facial feedback effect
facial position and muscle changes can alter which emotion we feel (if you smile it can enhance your mood)
Flash of anger
gives us energy and initiative to fight or take action when necessary
Persistent anger
can cause more harm than whatever we’re angry about
Catharsis myth
the idea that venting anger is good for you
feel-good, do-good phenomenon
when in a good mood, we do more for other. Doing good for others puts you in a good mood
How do males and females experience emotions differently?
Women report experiencing and expressing sadness, fear, and guilt
Men report experiencing anger and hostility
-Women better read emotional cues and tent to express their emotions more readily
beneficial and harmful stress effects
brief experience of stress can be beneficial
- improve immune system response
- motivating action
- focusing priorities
Extreme or prolonged stress causes problems
- mental and physical coping systems become defeated
- immune functioning and other health factors decline because of damage
*KEY FACTOR IS A CHANCE FOR RECOVERY AND HEALING
Cannon (stress response)
viewed stress response as a “fight or flight” system
Selye (stress response)
proposed a three-phase (alarm-resistance-exhaustion) general adaptation system
Three-phase general adaptation system
1) “fight or flight” sympathetic nervous system responds, reducing pain and increasing the heart rate.
- The core of the adrenal glands produces norepinephrine and epinephrine (adrenaline)
2) Brain sends signals to adrenal glands to produce cortisol and other stress hormones.
3) exhaustion
Stress and the immune system
stress hormones suppress the immune system.
Losing control produces rising stress hormones –> blood pressure levels increase –> immune responses drop
Type A personality
competitive, hard-driving, impatient, prone to anger and hostility
Type B personality
easygoing, relaxed
Support can be
1) emotional - expressions of concern and positive regard
2) tangible - direct assistance
3) informational - suggestions, advice
Types of coping
1) Problem-focused coping: attempting to directly change the stressor or change the way we interact with it (confronting a hostile family member who is causing stress to directly address the issue)
2) Emotion-focused coping: attempting to relieve or regulate the emotional impact of a stressful situation (avoiding the hostile family member or seeking reassurance about the situation from a friend)
Gender with stress and coping
Men: fight or flight
Women: tend and befriend
Individualist cultures
less likely to seek social support; favour problem-focused coping
Collectivist cultures
more oriented to social support; favour emotion-focused coping
