chapter 16 textbook Flashcards
psychoanalysis
freud’s therapeutic technique. Freud believed the patient’s free associations, resistances, dreams, and transference - and the therapist’s interpretations of them - released previously repressed feelings, allowing the patient to gain self-insight
resistance
in psychoanalysis, the blocking from consciousness of anxiety-laden material
interpretation
in psychoanalysis, the analyst’s noting supposed dream and meanings, resistances, and other significant behaviours and events in order to promote insight
transference
in psychoanalysis, the patient’s transfer to the analyst of emotions linked with other relationships (such as love or hatred for a parent)
psychodynamic therapy
therapy deriving from the psychoanalytic tradition; view individuals as responding to unconscious forces and childhood experiences, and seeks to enhance self-insight
insight therapies
a variety of therapies that aim to improve psychological functioning by increasing a person’s awareness of underlying motives and defenses –> help individuals discover what guides their motivation and behaviour
client-centered therapy
a humanistic therapy, in which the therapist uses techniques such as active listening within a genuine, accepting, empathetic environment to facilitate clients’ growth
active listening
empathic listening in which the listener echoes, restates, and clarifies. A feature of Rogers’ client-centered therapy
unconditional positive regard
a caring, accepting, nonjudgemental attitude, which carl rogers believed would help clients develop self-awareness and self-acceptance
behaviour therapy
therapy that applies learning principles to the elimination of unwanted behaviours
counterconditioning
behaviour therapy procedures that use classical conditioning to evoke new responses to stimuli that are triggering unwanted behaviour include: exposure therapies and aversive conditioning
exposure therapies
behavioural techniques, such as systematic desensitization and virtual reality exposure therapy, that treat anxieties by exposing people (in imagination or actual situations) to the things they fear and avoid
systematic desensitization
a type of exposure therapy that associates a pleasant relaxed state with gradually increasing anxiety-triggering stimuli. Commonly used to treat phobias
virtual reality exposure therapy
an anxiety treatment that progressively exposes people to electronic simulations of their greatest fears, such as airplane flying, spiders, or public speaking
aversive conditioning
a type of counterconditioning that associates an unpleasant state (such as nausea) with an unwanted behaviour (such as drinking alcohol)
cognitive therapy
therapy that teaches people new, more adaptive ways of thinking; based on the assumption that thoughts intervene between events and our emotional reactions
cognitive-behavioural therapy
a popular integrative therapy that combines cognitive therapy (changing self-defeating thinking ) with behaviour therapy (changing behaviour)
family therapy
therapy that treats family as a system. Views an individual’s unwanted behaviours as influenced by, or directed at, other family members
what sorts of problems does cognitive-behavioral theory best address?
anxiety disorders, obsessive-compulsive disorder, deptression, bipolar disorders, and eating disorders
meta-analysis
a procedure for statistically combining the results of many different research studies
evidence-based practice
clinical decision making that integrates the best available research with clinical expertise and patient characteristics and preferences
- research evidence
- clinical expertise
- knowledge of the patient
therapeutic alliance
a bond of trust and mutual understanding between a therapist and client, who work together constructively to overcome the client’s problem
psychopharmacology
the study of the effects of drugs on mind and behaviour
antipsychotic drugs
drugs used to treat schizophrenia and other forms of severe thought disorder
antianxiety drugs
drugs used to control anxiety and agitation
antidepressant drugs
drugs used to treat depression, anxiety disorders, obsessive-compulsive disorders, and PTSD. (serotonin reuptake inhibitors)
electroconvulsive therapy
a biomedical therapy for severely depressed patients in which a brief electric current is sent through the brain of an anesthetized patient
repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation
the application of repeated pulses of magnetic energy to the brain; used to stimulate or suppress brain activity
psychosurgery
surgery that removes or destroys brain tissue in an effort to change behaviour
lobotomy
a psychosurgical procedure once used to calm uncontrollably emotional or violent patients. The procedure cuts the nerves connecting the frontal lobes the the emotion-controlling centres of the inner brain
posttraumatic growth
positive psychological changes as a result of struggling with extremely challenging circumstances and life crisis
