Chapter 15 Textbook Flashcards
maladaptive
interferes with normal day-to-day life
medical model
the concept that diseases, in this case psychological disorders, have physical causes that can be diagnosed, treated, and in most cases, cured, often through treatment in a hospital
epigenetics
the study of environmental influences on gene expression that occurs without a DNA change
relationship between poverty and psychological disorders
- poverty related stressers can trigger disorders
- disabling disorders can also contribute to poverty
anxiety disorders
psychological disorders characterized by distressing persistent anxiety or maladaptive behaviours that reduce anxiety
generalized anxiety disorder
an anxiety disorder in which a person is continually tense, apprehensive, and in a state of autonomic nervous system arousal
phobia
anxiety disorder marked by a persistent, irrational fear and avoidance of a specific object, activity, or situation
obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD)
a disorder characterized by unwanted repetitive thoughts (obsessions) actions (compulsions), or both
Obsessions
repetitive thoughts
Compulsions
repetitive behaviours
mania
a hyperactive, wildly optimistic state in which dangerously poor judgement is common
rumination
compulsive fretting; overthinking about our problems and their causes
schizophrenia
a psychological disorder characterized by delusions, hallucinations, disorganized speech, and/or diminished, inappropriate emotional expression
delusion
a false belief, often of persecution, that may accompany psychotic disorders
chronic schizophrenia
a form of schizophrenia in which symptoms usually appear by late adolescence or early adulthood. As people age, psychotic episodes last longer and recovery periods shorten
acute schizophrenia
a form of schizophrenia that can begin at any age, frequently occurs in response to an emotionally traumatic event, and has extended recovery periods
dissociative disorders
controversial, rare disorders in which conscious awareness becomes separated (dissociated) from previous memories, thoughts, and feelings
dissociative identity disorder (DID)
a rare dissociative disorder in which a person exhibits two or more distinct and alternating personalities
positive symptoms schizophrenia
more likely to experience delusions. most likely in acute schizophrenia
negative symptoms schizophrenia
may have an expressionless face and toneless voice. most likely in chronic schizophrenia
what factors contribute to schizophrenia
abnormalities in brain structure and function, prenatal exposure to a maternal virus, high-risk environment
personality disorders
inflexible and enduring behaviour patterns that impair social functioning
antisocial personality disorder
a personality disorder in which a person (usually a man) exhibits a lack of conscience for wrongdoing, even toward friends and family members; may even be aggressive and ruthless or a clever con artist
bulimia nervosa
an eating disorder in which a person alternates binge eating (usually of high-caloric foods) with purging (by vomiting or laxative use) or fasting
two disorders that are found worldwide
- Schizophrenia
2. Depression
Susto
a condition marked by severe anxiety, restlessness, and fear of black magic. It is culture-specific to Latin America
Why is the DSM-5 controversial?
critics suggest that the DSM-5 casts too wide a net on disorders, pathologizing normal behaviour
social cognitive perspective
psychologists who emphasize the importance of negative perceptions, beliefs, and thoughts in depression
