Chapter 15 Textbook

Question 1

maladaptive

Answer 1

interferes with normal day-to-day life

Question 2

medical model

Answer 2

the concept that diseases, in this case psychological disorders, have physical causes that can be diagnosed, treated, and in most cases, cured, often through treatment in a hospital

Question 3

epigenetics

Answer 3

the study of environmental influences on gene expression that occurs without a DNA change

Question 4

relationship between poverty and psychological disorders

Answer 4

• poverty related stressers can trigger disorders

- disabling disorders can also contribute to poverty

Question 5

anxiety disorders

Answer 5

psychological disorders characterized by distressing persistent anxiety or maladaptive behaviours that reduce anxiety

Question 6

generalized anxiety disorder

Answer 6

an anxiety disorder in which a person is continually tense, apprehensive, and in a state of autonomic nervous system arousal

Question 7

phobia

Answer 7

anxiety disorder marked by a persistent, irrational fear and avoidance of a specific object, activity, or situation

Question 8

obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD)

Answer 8

a disorder characterized by unwanted repetitive thoughts (obsessions) actions (compulsions), or both

Question 9

Obsessions

Answer 9

repetitive thoughts

Question 10

Compulsions

Answer 10

repetitive behaviours

Question 11

mania

Answer 11

a hyperactive, wildly optimistic state in which dangerously poor judgement is common

Question 12

rumination

Answer 12

compulsive fretting; overthinking about our problems and their causes

Question 13

schizophrenia

Answer 13

a psychological disorder characterized by delusions, hallucinations, disorganized speech, and/or diminished, inappropriate emotional expression

Question 14

delusion

Answer 14

a false belief, often of persecution, that may accompany psychotic disorders

Question 15

chronic schizophrenia

Answer 15

a form of schizophrenia in which symptoms usually appear by late adolescence or early adulthood. As people age, psychotic episodes last longer and recovery periods shorten

Question 16

acute schizophrenia

Answer 16

a form of schizophrenia that can begin at any age, frequently occurs in response to an emotionally traumatic event, and has extended recovery periods

Question 17

dissociative disorders

Answer 17

controversial, rare disorders in which conscious awareness becomes separated (dissociated) from previous memories, thoughts, and feelings

Question 18

dissociative identity disorder (DID)

Answer 18

a rare dissociative disorder in which a person exhibits two or more distinct and alternating personalities

Question 19

positive symptoms schizophrenia

Answer 19

more likely to experience delusions. most likely in acute schizophrenia

Question 20

negative symptoms schizophrenia

Answer 20

may have an expressionless face and toneless voice. most likely in chronic schizophrenia

Question 21

what factors contribute to schizophrenia

Answer 21

abnormalities in brain structure and function, prenatal exposure to a maternal virus, high-risk environment

Question 22

personality disorders

Answer 22

inflexible and enduring behaviour patterns that impair social functioning

Question 23

antisocial personality disorder

Answer 23

a personality disorder in which a person (usually a man) exhibits a lack of conscience for wrongdoing, even toward friends and family members; may even be aggressive and ruthless or a clever con artist

Question 24

bulimia nervosa

Answer 24

an eating disorder in which a person alternates binge eating (usually of high-caloric foods) with purging (by vomiting or laxative use) or fasting

Question 25

two disorders that are found worldwide

Answer 25

1. Schizophrenia

2. Depression

Question 26

Susto

Answer 26

a condition marked by severe anxiety, restlessness, and fear of black magic. It is culture-specific to Latin America

Question 27

Why is the DSM-5 controversial?

Answer 27

critics suggest that the DSM-5 casts too wide a net on disorders, pathologizing normal behaviour

Question 28

social cognitive perspective

Answer 28

psychologists who emphasize the importance of negative perceptions, beliefs, and thoughts in depression