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Anatomy and Physiology > Midterm > Flashcards

Midterm Flashcards

1
Q

The levels of organization from most simple to most complex are

A

organelle → cell → tissue → organ → system

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2
Q

Which abdominal region is located lateral to the umbilical region?

A

Lumbar

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3
Q

The body section that divides the right ear from the left ear is a _____ section.

A

sagittal

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4
Q

In which abdominal region the sigmoid colon is found?

A

Left Iliac

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5
Q

Bonds that usually dissociate (separate) in water to form electrolytes are _____ bonds.

A

ionic

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6
Q

The heart is an example of a

A

organ

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7
Q

Alkaline have

A

a pH more than 7

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8
Q

the lower part of the ventral body cavity

A

abdominopelvic cavity

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9
Q

part of the dorsal cavity that contains the brain

A

cranial cavity

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10
Q

divides the body into front and rear parts

A

frontal plane

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11
Q

cavity that is subdivided into pleural cavities

A

thoracic cavity

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12
Q

divides the body into right and left sides

A

sagittal plane

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13
Q

a muscular sheet dividing the thoracic and abdominopelvic cavities

A

diaphragm

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14
Q

In which abdominal region is the stomach located

A

Epigastrium

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15
Q

The body section that divides the nose from the back of the head is a _____ section.

A

frontal

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16
Q

The level of organization directly below the organ level is the _____ level.

A

tissue

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17
Q

A coronal plane or section is another term for a _____ plane.

A

frontal

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18
Q

A group of cells that act together to perform a function is called a

A

tissue

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19
Q

The abdominal cavity and the pelvic cavity are separated by a muscle called the diaphragm.

A

false

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20
Q

The human body tries to maintain hydration. This is an example of

A

homeostasis

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21
Q

In which abdominal region is the liver located?

A

Right hypochondriac

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22
Q

Which word is defined as the study of the function of living organisms and their parts?

A

physiology

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23
Q

Cells

A

are the smallest living units of structure and function in the body

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24
Q

Which term means toward the head?

A

superior

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25
Q

Which abdominal region is located below the umbilical region?

A

Hypogastric

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26
Q

Which region is located superior to the hypogastrium?

A

Umbilical

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27
Q

The part of the feedback loop that detects a change in the regulated condition is called

A

the sensor

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28
Q

Which abdominal region houses the majority of the descending colon?

A

Left Flank

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29
Q

In which abdominal region is the spleen located?

A

Left hypochondriac

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30
Q

Acids have

A

a pH less than 7

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31
Q

The diaphysis is the

A

shaft of a long bone.

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32
Q

The hypodermis

A

is also called the subcutaneous layer.

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33
Q

Cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral, and coccygeal refer to

A

vertebrae.

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34
Q

Which of the following is not part of the thoracic cage?

A

Pelvic bones

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35
Q

The Haversian system (osteon) is

A

the functional unit of the bone.

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36
Q

Which of the following describes exfoliation and desquamation?

A

The sloughing off by the stratum corneum of dead cells

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37
Q

The zygomatic bone

A

is called the cheekbone.

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38
Q

What is the term that refers to the replacement of cartilage by bone?

A

Ossification

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39
Q

Which of the following is located at the ends of a long bone?

A

Epiphysis

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40
Q

What is the name of the “soft spots” in a baby’s skull?

A

Fontanels

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41
Q

Cancellous refers to a

A

spongy bone

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42
Q

Which of the following bones is not located in the lower limbs?

A

Ulna

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43
Q

C1 to C7 refer to

A

vertebrae

44
Q

Which bone is found in the skull but is not a facial bone?

A

Occipital

45
Q

The occipital bone

A

contains the foramen magnum.

46
Q

Fontanels are

A

areas found in the infant skull that are membranous.

47
Q

Which word(s) best reflect(s) the function of the epiphyseal disc (Aka. Growth cartilage) ?

A

Longitudinal growth

48
Q

The __________ is synthesized (produced) by the skin and is necessary for calcium absorption from the digestive tract.

A

Vitamin D

49
Q

Which of the options describes below correspond to a function of the Osteoclasts

A

raises blood calcium levels.

50
Q

Which of the following substances makes the skin water resistant?

A

Keratin

51
Q

Which structure refers to the shaft of a long bone?

A

Diaphysis

52
Q

Which of the following is true of the following terms: osteoblast, osteoclast, osteocyte, and osseous tissue?

A

All refer to bone

53
Q

Which bone is found in the skull but not in the cranium?

A

Mandible

54
Q

What is the result of the contraction of the arrector pili muscles?

A

Goosebumps

55
Q

What is the outer lining of connective tissue that surrounds the diaphysis of a long bone ?

A

Periosteum

56
Q

What is the function of the masseter muscle?

A

Chews food

57
Q

The corpus callosum

A

connects the right and left hemispheres.

58
Q

Which of the following is an event that occurs within the neuromuscular junction?

A

Binding of the acetylcholine to the cholinergic receptor on the muscle membrane

59
Q

Which of the following muscles is described as striated and involuntary?

A

Cardiac

60
Q

Acetylcholine is released from the neuron’s membrane in response to the

A

nerve impulse.

61
Q

A tendon

A

attaches muscle to bone.

62
Q

What makes white matter “white”?

A

Myelin

63
Q

There are four major areas of the brain: the cerebrum, diencephalon, brain stem, and

A

cerebellum

64
Q

The medulla oblongata is

A

-located in brain stem
- infratentorial structure
-sensitive to the effects of opiods

65
Q

Which of the following is not descriptive of the medulla oblongata?

A

Thermostat center

66
Q

The frontal, temporal, occipital, and parietal lobes form the

A

cerebrum

67
Q

What is true of the diencephalon?

A

Contains the thalamus and hypothalamus

68
Q

Which cranial nerve is responsible for eye movements?

A

Cranial Nerve 2

69
Q

The orbicularis oris muscle

A

surrounds the mouth.

70
Q

What is the fatty insulating material that surrounds the axons of the white matter nerve cells?

A

Myelin

71
Q

The medulla oblongata descends as the

A

spinal cord.

72
Q

The cerebral spinal fluid

A

cushions the brain (Protection) , delivers nutrients to the brain, and removes wastes.

73
Q

The midbrain, pons, and medulla oblongata are referred to as the

A

brain stem.

74
Q

Which cranial nerve is responsible for controlling the muscles of facial expression?

A

Cranial Nerve Vll

75
Q

The orbicularis oculi

A

encircles the eye.

76
Q

What is the name of the cord of connective tissue that connects muscle to bone?

A

Tendon

77
Q

Which muscle separates the thoracic and abdominal cavities and is also the chief breathing muscle?

A

Diaphragm

78
Q

Which muscles are located between the ribs and help move the rib cage during breathing?

A

Intercostal muscles

79
Q

The Achilles tendon attaches the soleus and which muscle to the calcaneus?

A

Gastrocnemius

80
Q

Which of the following is located within the subarachnoid space?

A

Cerebrospinal fluid

81
Q

Parkinson disease is treated by trying to get more dopamine into the brain.

A

True

82
Q

Sympathetic nerve stimulation causes relaxation of the breathing passages (bronchodilation). Which of the following achieves this effect?

A

Beta2-adrenergic

83
Q

The sympathetic nervous system is responsible for the “fight-or-flight” response.

A

True

84
Q

An adrenergic receptor is stimulated by

A

Epinephrin

85
Q

A beta1 receptor

A

increases heart rate.

86
Q

The autonomic nervous system is considered a subdivision of the central nervous system.

A

False

87
Q

The somatic nervous system controls actions of:

A

Skeletal Muscles

88
Q

A neurotransmitter that causes the heart to beat stronger and faster is called

A

Adrenergic

89
Q

The Synaptic area are compose by the pre-synaptic, post- synaptic and the synaptic gap

A

True

90
Q

The autonomic nervous system consists of neurons that conduct impulses from the PNS to:

A

-Glandular tissue (salivary glands)
-Smooth muscle
-Cardiac muscle

91
Q

The two principal divisions that make up the nervous system are the:

A

Central and peripheral nervous system

92
Q

Muscarinic receptors are

A

activated by ACh.

93
Q

What term is used to describe the electrical signal that travels down the axon of a neuron?

A

Action potential

94
Q

Alpha and beta receptors are

A

associated with the sympathetic nervous system

95
Q

Which of the following types of muscle is stimulated by the Somatic Nervous System?

A

Skeletal muscle

96
Q

Stimulation of Beta 2 receptors stimulate the

A

Lungs

97
Q

Which of the following is most characteristic of the parasympathetic nervous system?

A

Rest-and-Digest system

98
Q

Stimulation of Beta 1 receptors stimulate the

A

Heart

99
Q

Which neurotransmitter is secreted by a cholinergic nerves?

A

Acetylcholine

100
Q

Norepinephrine and acetylcholine both belong to a group of compounds called catecholamines.

A

False

101
Q

Which of the following is least related to the sympathetic nervous system?

A

Cholinergic effect

102
Q

_____________are part of the peripheral nervous system and is stimulated by Acetylcholine.

A

Somatic and the Parasympathetic system

103
Q
A
104
Q

Stimulation of Alpha 1 receptors produce

A

Vasoconstriction

104
Q

Increased heart rate, increased blood pressure, bronchodilation, diaphoresis, and pupillary dilation (mydriasis) are consequences of

A

activation of the adrenergic receptors.

104
Q
A

Anatomy and Physiology (17 decks)

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