lecture 3 Flashcards
structure of the skin
-epidermis
-dermis
-hypodermis
epidermis
outermost layer of skin that contains 5 layers
mainly for protection and water
dermis
made up of vessels, arteries, and nerves (VAN)
hypodermis
innermost layer with connective tissue, adipose cells, blood vessels, and nerves
barrier function of the skin
protects against microorganism, chemicals, and physical damange
pigmentation function of the skin
melanocytes produce melanin for skin color and UV protection
temperature regulation function of the skin
blood vessels and sweat glands regulate body temperature
sensation function of the skin
nerve endings perceive touch, pressure, pain, and temperature
vitamin D synthesis function of the skin
sun exposure helps produce vitamin D for calcium absorption
excretion and absorption function of the skin
skin can absorb substances and excrete waste products
sebaceous gland
secrete sebum to lubricate skin and hair
sudoriferous gland
produce sweat for thermoregulation and excretion
effects of aging
thinning, loss of elasticity, reduced collagen production, decreased hair growth
function of skeletal system.
provides structural framework for the body and protects internal organs
what % of bone mass is compact bone
80%
what % of bone mass is cancellous/spongy bone
20%
what do bone membranes include
the periosteum which covers the shaft of long bones and the endosteum the lining of the medullary cavity
what is ossification
the process of converting cartilage to bone
primary center of ossification
the diaphysis (shaft)
secondary center of ossification
in the epiphysis (ends)
- Which layer of the skin is responsible for protection against microorganisms, chemicals, and physical damage?
a) Epidermis
b) Dermis
c) Subcutaneous or Hypodermis
d) Stratum corneum
a) Epidermis
- What is the primary function of melanocytes in the skin?
a) Regulation of body temperature
b) Synthesis of vitamin D
c) Protection against microorganisms
d) Production of melanin for skin color and UV protection
d) Production of melanin for skin color and UV protection
- Which accessory structure of the skin produces sweat for thermoregulation and excretion?
a) Sebaceous glands
b) Sudoriferous glands
c) Hair follicles
d) Nails
b) Sudoriferous glands
- Which term refers to the chronic overgrowth of the epidermis, resulting in red, scaly patches?
a) Dermatitis
b) Psoriasis
c) Acne
d) Impetigo
b) Psoriasis
- What is the primary function of the skeletal system?
a) Producing blood cells
b) Providing a structural framework for the body
c) Temperature regulation
d) Synthesis of vitamin D
b) Providing a structural framework for the body
- Which type of bone is dense and provides mechanical support and protection?
a) Compact bone
b) Spongy bone
c) Yellow bone marrow
d) Cancellous bone
a) Compact bone
- Ossification is the process of converting:
a) Cartilage to bone
b) Blood to bone
c) Bone to cartilage
d) Fat to bone
a) Cartilage to bone
- Which disorder is characterized by the abnormal growth of skin cells caused by UV radiation exposure?
a) Dermatitis
b) Psoriasis
c) Skin cancer
d) Acne
c) Skin cancer
- Which joint classification is slightly movable?
a) Fibrous joints
b) Cartilaginous joints
c) Synovial joints
d) Saddle joints
b) Cartilaginous joints
- Which skeletal disorder is characterized by a decrease in bone density and increased risk of fractures?
a) Osteoporosis
b) Osteomalacia
c) Paget’s disease
d) Osteomyelitis
a) Osteoporosis
c1 to c7 refer to
vertebrae
cancellous refers to
spongy bone
the foramen and meatus are
openings
Injury to the epiphyseal disc of the tibia may
stunt the growth of the injured leg
what lies on the subcutaneous layer
dermis
which bone is formed by the ischium ilium and pubis
coxal bone
The humerous
is located in the arm
Which of the following substances makes the skin water resistant
keratin
what is the outer lining of the connective tissue that surrounds the diaphysis of a long bone and conatains the blood vessels that supply the bone
periosteum
which of the following is least true of the occipital bone
Contains the mastoid process and the external auditory meatus
the diaphysis is
composed primarily of compact bone
What is the color of skin that is supplied by oxygen poor blood
cyanotic
the hypodermis
is also called the subcutaneous layer
which bone is found in the skull but not in the cranium
mandible
the hair. follicle is
composed of epithelial cells
which bone is distal to the femur and proximal to the tibia
patella
A person sweats and becomes flushed while exercising to
lose heat
Radiation, conduction, convection, and evaporation are terms that are concerned with
heat loss
the coronal suture forms an immovable joint between the parietal bones and which bone
frontal
Melanocytes
Secrete a tanning pigment in response to exposure to sunlight
Which of the following word(s) is (are) related to the ribs
true,false, and floating
fontanels
are present in fetal and infant skulls
periosteum
all of the above
The zygomatic bone
the cheekbone
the vertebrae prominens
C7
the palatine process of this facial bone forms which anterior part of the hard plate
maxilla
structure that refers to the shaft of a long bone
diaphysis
which of the following is associated with the conservation of heat
blood vessels constrict
Which of the following describes exfoliation and desquamation?
the sloughing off by the stratum corneum of the dead cells
If the blood vessels of the skin dilate, the person appears
flushed
Osteoclastic activity
breaks down bone
Cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral and coccygeal refer to
vertebrae
What is the term that refers to the replacement of cartilage by bone?
ossification
The haversian system (osteon) is
the cylindrical arrangement of dense bone.
Which of the following is not true of the sphenoid bone?
Contains the foramen magnum
The humerous is a
bone of the upper limbs
which word best reflects the function of the epiphyseal disc
Longitudinal growth.
Which bone is described by the following: leg,shin, and medial malleolus
tibia
What is the classification of the intervertebral discs and the symphysis pubis?
slightly movable
What is the layer that insulates the body from extreme temperature changes in the external environment
subcutaneous layer
