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Anatomy and Physiology > lecture 3 > Flashcards

lecture 3 Flashcards

1
Q

structure of the skin

A

-epidermis
-dermis
-hypodermis

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2
Q

epidermis

A

outermost layer of skin that contains 5 layers

mainly for protection and water

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3
Q

dermis

A

made up of vessels, arteries, and nerves (VAN)

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4
Q

hypodermis

A

innermost layer with connective tissue, adipose cells, blood vessels, and nerves

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5
Q

barrier function of the skin

A

protects against microorganism, chemicals, and physical damange

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6
Q

pigmentation function of the skin

A

melanocytes produce melanin for skin color and UV protection

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7
Q

temperature regulation function of the skin

A

blood vessels and sweat glands regulate body temperature

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8
Q

sensation function of the skin

A

nerve endings perceive touch, pressure, pain, and temperature

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9
Q

vitamin D synthesis function of the skin

A

sun exposure helps produce vitamin D for calcium absorption

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10
Q

excretion and absorption function of the skin

A

skin can absorb substances and excrete waste products

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11
Q

sebaceous gland

A

secrete sebum to lubricate skin and hair

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12
Q

sudoriferous gland

A

produce sweat for thermoregulation and excretion

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13
Q

effects of aging

A

thinning, loss of elasticity, reduced collagen production, decreased hair growth

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14
Q

function of skeletal system.

A

provides structural framework for the body and protects internal organs

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15
Q

what % of bone mass is compact bone

A

80%

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16
Q

what % of bone mass is cancellous/spongy bone

A

20%

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17
Q

what do bone membranes include

A

the periosteum which covers the shaft of long bones and the endosteum the lining of the medullary cavity

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18
Q

what is ossification

A

the process of converting cartilage to bone

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19
Q

primary center of ossification

A

the diaphysis (shaft)

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20
Q

secondary center of ossification

A

in the epiphysis (ends)

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21
Q
  1. Which layer of the skin is responsible for protection against microorganisms, chemicals, and physical damage?

a) Epidermis
b) Dermis
c) Subcutaneous or Hypodermis
d) Stratum corneum

A

a) Epidermis

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22
Q
  1. What is the primary function of melanocytes in the skin?

a) Regulation of body temperature
b) Synthesis of vitamin D
c) Protection against microorganisms
d) Production of melanin for skin color and UV protection

A

d) Production of melanin for skin color and UV protection

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23
Q
  1. Which accessory structure of the skin produces sweat for thermoregulation and excretion?

a) Sebaceous glands
b) Sudoriferous glands
c) Hair follicles
d) Nails

A

b) Sudoriferous glands

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24
Q
  1. Which term refers to the chronic overgrowth of the epidermis, resulting in red, scaly patches?

a) Dermatitis
b) Psoriasis
c) Acne
d) Impetigo

A

b) Psoriasis

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25
Q
  1. What is the primary function of the skeletal system?

a) Producing blood cells
b) Providing a structural framework for the body
c) Temperature regulation
d) Synthesis of vitamin D

A

b) Providing a structural framework for the body

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26
Q
  1. Which type of bone is dense and provides mechanical support and protection?

a) Compact bone
b) Spongy bone
c) Yellow bone marrow
d) Cancellous bone

A

a) Compact bone

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27
Q
  1. Ossification is the process of converting:

a) Cartilage to bone
b) Blood to bone
c) Bone to cartilage
d) Fat to bone

A

a) Cartilage to bone

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28
Q
  1. Which disorder is characterized by the abnormal growth of skin cells caused by UV radiation exposure?

a) Dermatitis
b) Psoriasis
c) Skin cancer
d) Acne

A

c) Skin cancer

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29
Q
  1. Which joint classification is slightly movable?

a) Fibrous joints
b) Cartilaginous joints
c) Synovial joints
d) Saddle joints

A

b) Cartilaginous joints

30
Q
  1. Which skeletal disorder is characterized by a decrease in bone density and increased risk of fractures?

a) Osteoporosis
b) Osteomalacia
c) Paget’s disease
d) Osteomyelitis

A

a) Osteoporosis

31
Q

c1 to c7 refer to

A

vertebrae

32
Q

cancellous refers to

A

spongy bone

33
Q

the foramen and meatus are

A

openings

34
Q

Injury to the epiphyseal disc of the tibia may

A

stunt the growth of the injured leg

35
Q

what lies on the subcutaneous layer

A

dermis

36
Q

which bone is formed by the ischium ilium and pubis

A

coxal bone

37
Q

The humerous

A

is located in the arm

38
Q

Which of the following substances makes the skin water resistant

A

keratin

39
Q

what is the outer lining of the connective tissue that surrounds the diaphysis of a long bone and conatains the blood vessels that supply the bone

A

periosteum

40
Q

which of the following is least true of the occipital bone

A

Contains the mastoid process and the external auditory meatus

41
Q

the diaphysis is

A

composed primarily of compact bone

42
Q

What is the color of skin that is supplied by oxygen poor blood

A

cyanotic

43
Q

the hypodermis

A

is also called the subcutaneous layer

44
Q

which bone is found in the skull but not in the cranium

A

mandible

45
Q

the hair. follicle is

A

composed of epithelial cells

46
Q

which bone is distal to the femur and proximal to the tibia

A

patella

47
Q

A person sweats and becomes flushed while exercising to

A

lose heat

48
Q

Radiation, conduction, convection, and evaporation are terms that are concerned with

A

heat loss

49
Q

the coronal suture forms an immovable joint between the parietal bones and which bone

A

frontal

50
Q

Melanocytes

A

Secrete a tanning pigment in response to exposure to sunlight

51
Q

Which of the following word(s) is (are) related to the ribs

A

true,false, and floating

52
Q

fontanels

A

are present in fetal and infant skulls

53
Q

periosteum

A

all of the above

54
Q

The zygomatic bone

A

the cheekbone

55
Q

the vertebrae prominens

A

C7

56
Q

the palatine process of this facial bone forms which anterior part of the hard plate

A

maxilla

57
Q

structure that refers to the shaft of a long bone

A

diaphysis

58
Q

which of the following is associated with the conservation of heat

A

blood vessels constrict

59
Q

Which of the following describes exfoliation and desquamation?

A

the sloughing off by the stratum corneum of the dead cells

60
Q

If the blood vessels of the skin dilate, the person appears

A

flushed

61
Q

Osteoclastic activity

A

breaks down bone

62
Q

Cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral and coccygeal refer to

A

vertebrae

63
Q

What is the term that refers to the replacement of cartilage by bone?

A

ossification

64
Q

The haversian system (osteon) is

A

the cylindrical arrangement of dense bone.

65
Q

Which of the following is not true of the sphenoid bone?

A

Contains the foramen magnum

66
Q

The humerous is a

A

bone of the upper limbs

67
Q

which word best reflects the function of the epiphyseal disc

A

Longitudinal growth.

68
Q

Which bone is described by the following: leg,shin, and medial malleolus

A

tibia

69
Q

What is the classification of the intervertebral discs and the symphysis pubis?

A

slightly movable

70
Q

What is the layer that insulates the body from extreme temperature changes in the external environment

A

subcutaneous layer

71
Q
A

Anatomy and Physiology (17 decks)

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