lecture 6 Flashcards
Iodine is
Used by the adenohypophysis to synthesis TSH
The adrenal cortex
secretes catecholamines
what gland secretes melatonin and is concerned with our biological rhythms?
pineal gland
Which gland is associated with “sugar, salt, and sex”?
adrenal cortex
which gland secretes two hormones, one that elevates blood glucose levels and another that decreases blood glucose levels?
pancreas
a deficiency of insulin causes
hyperglycemia
what is most likely the effect of a deficiency of aldosterone?
low blood volume and hypotension
calcitonin and parathyroid hormone
control plasma levels of calcium
oxytocin
is a neurohypophyseal hormone that stimulates the uterine muscle to contract, thereby assisting in labor
what condition caused by impaired drainage of aqueous humor through the canal of schlemm that increases intraocular pressure
glaucoma
Which structure connects the hypothalamus and the adenohypophysis?
portal capillaries
which cerebral lobe is concerned primarily with vision
occipital lobe
ketosis and acidosis are
characteristic of diabetes insipidus
cushing syndrome and addison’s disease are
forms of chronic adrenal cortical hypofunction
which of the following is least characteristic of the function of insulin
increases the generation of ketone bodies
cretinism, myxedema, and Graves’ disease are
disorders of thyroid gland function
the secretion of cortisol by the adrenal gland suppresses further secretion of ACTH by the anterior pituitary gland. What is this interaction called?
negative feedback control
aqueous humor
is drained though the canal of Schlemm
What best describes the function of insulin
stimulates cells to make glucose
PTH
lowers plasma calcium
Iodine-containing hormones
Regulate the metabolic rate.
adenohypophysis
refers to the anterior pituitary gland
the beta cella of the islets of langerhans
are insulin-secreting pancreatic cells
The islets of Langerhans
Secrete insulin and glucagon
epinephrine increases blood glucose by
increasing transport of glucose into the cell
a hormone that suppresses gluconeogenesis
prevents hyperglycemia
Identify the glands associated with these hormones: gonadotropins, aldosterone, and epinephrine.
Anterior pituitary, adrenal cortex, Adrenal medulla
The anterior pituitary gland
Is connected to the hypothalamus by the portal capillaries
What is true of the hypothalamus
connected to the neurohypophysis by the portal capillaries
Insulin, cortisol, thyroxine, and oxytocin
are hormones
The adrenal cortex
is the target gland of ACTH
thyroxine
is TSH
Which of the following is descriptive of prolactin?
Also called lactogenic hormone
Abrupt, sudden, withdrawal of prednisone is most likely to cause
cushing syndrome
This cone-shaped gland is located in the head and is called the “biological clock.”
Pineal
Posterior pituitary hormones causes the kidney to decrease its excretion of urine
ADH
Excess insulin is most apt to cause
hypoglycemia.
Which of the following is the most important effect of somatotropic hormone?
Growth of the musculoskeletal system
Which of the following steroids is an androgen?
Testosterone
rhodopsin
is necessary for the refraction of light by the lens
Which structure is attached to the lens, causing its shape to be changed?
Suspensory ligaments
The optic nerve
receives sensory information from the retina.
A cataract is a
cloudy lens
Is located in the posterior cavity of the eyeball
vitreous humor.
what is least related to the optic nerve
innervates the extrinsic eye muscles
the occipital lobe
receives information from cranial nerve lll
the ciliary muscle
change the shape of the lens
Rods
are concerned with night vision
Hyperglycemia, glucosuria, polyuria, and acidosis are
most apt to be caused by a deficiency of insulin.
Cretinism, myxedema, and Graves’ disease are all
disorders of thyroid gland function.
Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) and oxytocin
are secreted by the neurohypophysis.
The “melting of flesh into urine” is most descriptive if untreated
diabetes mellitus
virilization is characterized by
excess facial hair
“Sugar, salt, and sex” is descriptive of
cortisol, aldosterone, and testosterone.
the pancreas
secrete hormones that affect blood glucose levels
Which of the following is not controlled by a hypothalamic-releasing hormone?
ADH
As plasma levels of calcium decrease
the parathyroid glands secrete an osteoclastic hormone.
ACTH stimulates the
adrenal cortex to secrete cortisol.
Estrogen, progesterone, and testosterone
are secreted by the gonads.
vitreous humor
found in the anterior cavity of the eyeball
The hypersecretion of which hormone is least likely to cause hyperglycemia?
insulin
not a function of insulin
promoting protein synthesis
Enlargement of the thyroid gland
is called a goiter.
the fovea centrails and macula lutea
are primarily responsible for night vision
Glucagon, growth hormone, cortisol, and epinephrine
raise blood glucose levels.
Diminished drainage of aqueous humor through the canal of Schlemm
paralyzes the muscles of accommodation
ACTH, TSH, and gonadotropins
hypothalamic-releasing hormones
Which of the following hormones exerts negative feedback control on the secretion of ACTH?
cortisol
A deficiency of dietary iodine
causes a goiter.
Which of the following is a function of parathyroid hormone?
It increases plasma levels of calcium.
This hormone stimulates osteoclastic activity, causing bone resorption.
PTH
Identify the hormones that are secreted by these glands: adrenal cortex, pancreas, and adenohypophysis.
Cortisol, insulin, growth hormone
glucagon
is secreted in response to a decrease in blood glucose.
Which of the following is not under the direct control of the pituitary gland?
Parathyroid secretion of PTH
Insulin
is secreted by the beta cells of the islets of Langerhans.
Which of the following is the response to low plasma levels of calcium?
secretion of PTH
Which of the following are concerned with “sugar, salt, and sex”?
Glucocorticoid, mineralocorticoid, and androgen
Steroids
include the glucocorticoids, mineralocorticoids, and androgens.
The only hormone that lowers blood glucose levels is
insulin.
Testosterone is best described as
virilizing.
The neurohypophysis
is the posterior pituitary gland.
Which of the following is true of both prolactin and oxytocin? Both
are concerned with lactation.
Hypocalcemic tetany
develops in response to a deficiency of parathyroid activity.
Catecholamines
include epinephrine (adrenalin) and norepinephrine.
Which of the following is least associated with the adrenal medulla?
Sugar, salt, and sex
mydriasis
refers to pupillary dialation
What is the stimulus for the release of insulin?
High plasma levels of glucose
T3, T4, and calcitonin are
secreted by the thyroid gland.
Identify the glands that secrete these hormones: glucagon, PTH, and TSH.
Pancreas, parathyroid, anterior pituitary
A deficiency of ADH most likely
induces polyuria.
The bones, kidneys, and intestine are target organs of this calcium-regulator hormone.
PTH
PTH
Is secreted by the adenohypophysis
Which of the following structures is located outside the eye?
conjunctiva
Hypocalcemic tetany
may be caused by a deficiency of PTH.
Excessive eating despite plenty of glucose in the blood is called
polyphagia
Which gland secretes TSH, ACTH, and growth hormone?
Anterior pituitary gland
The adrenal medulla
secretes epinephrine and norepinephrine.
The person with _____ is most likely to receive insulin therapy.
hyperglycemia
The adrenal medulla
is associated with the fight-or-flight response.
TSH
is secreted by the anterior pituitary gland
rods and cones are
visual receptors
The gel like substance that gently pushes the retina against the choroid and maintains the shape of the eyeball is
vitreous humor.
Which of the following is most likely to cause the secretion of calcitonin?
Elevated plasma calcium level
Aldosterone
is a mineralocorticoid secreted by the adrenal cortex.
Cushing syndrome
may be caused by steroid (prednisone) therapy.
an anticholinegic drug such as atropine
causes the circular muscles to contract
This adrenal cortical mineralocorticoid helps regulate salt and water balance
Aldosterone
Which layer of the eyeball supplies blood to the retina?
choroid
