Mid Term 2: Definitions Flashcards
Non-Verbal Communication
Sending and Receiving wordless information
Affinity
Has no blood relationship, kinship by marriage or adoption
Immoral
Not conforming to accepting standards of morality
Cultural Relativism
Understanding person’s belief and activities by other people
Cultural Divergence
Dividing of culture into 2 different directions
Cultural Pluralism
When smaller groups stick to their cultural identities in a large group, and the large groups accepts their behaviour?
Holism
An analysis of society as a whole which refuse to break society into component parts
Subjectivity
Felt interior of a person that include their position in a field of relational power
Bio cultural Anthropology
Explorations between biology and culture
Enculturation
Process of learning your own culture
Power
Influencing the actions of others
Matrilineal
Descent through female line
Patrilineal
Tracing of inheritance, power through the male line
Economic Anthropology
Explains human economic behaviour in it’s widest historic geographic and cultural scope
Physical Anthropology
Study of biological origins and physical variations among human population
Heteroglossia
Diversity of voice, styles of discourse of points of view in a lit work and especially a novel ?????
Perception
Facets of self. How sensory information is organized
Cognition
Facts of self. Relations between the mind at work and the world in how it works
Social Trauma
Speaks to events on a person or social group and undermines trust
Failure to cope (ST)
Feeling of “cant do it anymore”
Ex. Father loses daughter and can’t handle it, tries to commit suicide
Transcendence (ST)
Existence or experience beyond the normal physical level
Collective Anger
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Relatedness
Fundamental aspects of human coniditon
Social Relatidness
Socially recognized ties that connect people in different ways
Kinship
Social relationship that’s derived from universal human experiences of mating, birth, and nuturance
Descent
Method of classifying individuals in terms of their various kinship connections
Bilaterality
Relatives on fathers side that are equally important for emotional ties or for transfer of property of wealth
Ego
The individual from the network of kinship/family descents etc that’s reckoned and traced
Lineage
Descent group where all of the links are known
Clans
Non-corporated descent group in which genealogical links to a common ancestor and assumed and not actually known
Monogamy
Having one spouse
Polygyny
Having multiple wives
Patrilocality
Residence after marriage in association with the husband’s fathers relatives
Exogamy
Rules for of marriage OUTSIDE a particular group
Endogamy
Rules of marriage for INSIDE a particular group
Displacement
Feature of human language that allows people to talk about events in the past and future
Diversity
Different types of people in a group or organization
Semanticity
Quality that a linguistic system has of being able to convey meanings
Prevarication
Telling lies, in a sneaky way
Socialization
People especially children are made to take on the ideas and behaviours of life in a particular society
Heteronomitivity
Cultural bias in favour of opposite sex relationships of a sexual nature, and against homo relationships
Prototype
First model of something.. that’s then developed into more models
Schema
Representation of a plan or theory in the form of an outline model
Structural Violence
Harming people by preventing them from meeting basic needs (institutions)
Syllogistic Reasoning
Where logical conclusion is drawn from 2 propositions or premises
Taxonomy
Branch of science concerned with classification, especially of organisms
Achieved Status
Ralph Linton. Denoting a social position that is earned or chosen
Age Sets
Social group with people of the same age that have common identity
Ascribed Status
Social statues someones assigned at birth or involuntarily later in life
Bilateral Descent
Relatives on both mother and fathers side are important in emotional ties or for transfer of property or wealth
Bridewealth
Accompanied by provision of a dowry- a payment, presented by brides family to the grooms family
Conjugal Family
Family relationships is focused inward, ties to kin voluntary based on emotional bonds rather than strict duties and obligations
Ecotones
Region of transition between 2 biological communities
Dowry
Transferred of parental property at marriage of a daughter (cows)
Extended Family
Aunts, uncles, cousins all nearby or in the same household
Family of Choice
Choosing your own “Kin”
Joint Family
2 or more generations of kindred related through either a parent line or to common social economic and religous regulations
Nuclear Family
Pair of adults and their children
Secret Society
Organization where members sworn to secrecy about it’s activities
Segmentary Opposition
Society characterized by the organization of society into 2 segments
Sodalitives
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Unilineal Descent
Descent through paternal or maternal line only
Affluence
Being wealthy
Distribution
System of allocating resources in society
Ecology
Branch of bio that deals with the relations of organisms to one another and to their physical surroundings
Econiche
Statues of organisms within its environment and community
Economy
Wealth and resources of a country or region especially in terms of the production and consumption of gods and services
Extensive Agriculture
Production system using small inputs of labour, fertilizers, and capital relative to the land/area being farmed
Food Collectors
Foragers or hunters (gathereres)
Food Producers
Domesticated edible plants and control their food sources often modifying the environment
Ideology
System of ideas and ideals, especially one that forms the basis of economic or political theory and policy
Insitution
Organization or society founded for a religious, educational, social, or similar purpose
Intensive Agriculture
Characterized by low fallow ration and higher use of inputs
Labour
Hard physical work
Market Exchange
Used in capitalist societies and is most recently developed mode of exchange
Means of Productions
Facilities and resources for producing gooods
Mechanized Industrial Argichulture
Process of using arg machinery to mechanise the work of agriculture
Mode of Production
Varied ways that human beings collectively produce the means of subsistence in order to survive and enhance social being
Neo-Classical economic theory
E. Roy. Set of solutions to economics focusing on the determination of goods, outputs, income distribution, in markets through supply and demand
Production
Making good available
Reciprocity
Mutual interchange of favours or privileges, especially the exchange of rights or of trade between groups
Redistribution
Mechanisms whereby a politically or economically powerful group or indiv collects good and services from the members of society and relocates them among members
Scarcity
State of being scarce or in short supply
Foraging
Act of fishing, hunting, collecting food
Horticulture
Non- Industrial system of plant cultivation plots lie fallow for varrying lenghts of time
Pasturalism
Recieving most of their food from heards of domesticated animals
Agriculture
Growing of food in the same location for an extended period of time
Industrialism
Society in which most of the population isn’t directly involved in the food production process
Cultural Discretment
Act or process of exhibiting keen insight and good judgement
Morality
principles concerning the distinction between right and wrong or good and bad behavior
