Chapter 5

Question 1

Agency

Answer 1

Ability to make choices through your own actions

Question 2

Articulated Style

Answer 2

Field-Independent way of viewing the world that breaks it up into small pieces

Question 3

Cognition

Answer 3

Mental process by which human beings gain knowledge

Nexus relations between the mind at work and the world in which it works

Question 4

Cognitive Style

Answer 4

Recurring patterns of cognitive activity that characterize an individual’s perceptual and intellectual activies

Question 5

Cultural Synaesthesia

Answer 5

Culturally shared response to a sense other than the one being stimulated

Question 6

Elementary Cognitive Processes

Answer 6

Mental tasks common to all humans without intellectual cognitive impairment

Question 7

Emotion

Answer 7

The product of entanglements connecting bodily arousal and cognitive interpretation

Question 8

Enculturation

Answer 8

Small culture in big culture, and big culture copes with the way small culture lives

Question 9

Functional Cognitive Systems

Answer 9

Sets of cognitive processes that guide perception, conception, reason, and emotion

Question 10

Gender

Answer 10

Cultural beliefs and behaviours considered appropriate for each sex

Question 11

Heteronormativity

Answer 11

Culture pretty much being bias against homosexuality

Question 12

Motivation

Answer 12

Inner impulse to set and accomplish goals

Question 13

Naturalizing Discourse

Answer 13

Representation of particular identities as if they were a result of biology nature rather than history or culture, making them appear external and unchanging

Question 14

Norms

Answer 14

Rules of behaviour assumed to be typical within a specific social or cultural group

Question 15

Perception

Answer 15

How sensory info is organized

Question 16

Personality

Answer 16

Way a person acts within a sociocultural matrix

Question 17

Prototypes

Answer 17

Examples of a typical instance element, relation, or experience within a culture

Question 18

Reasoning Style

Answer 18

Culture and context dependent ways in which we appraise, come to understand and think about a cognitive task

Question 19

Schemas

Answer 19

Patterned, repetitive experiences that are shared and easily understood by members of a particular culture

Question 20

Self

Answer 20

The result of the process of socialization and enculturation for an individual

Question 21

Sex

Answer 21

Morphological differences between males and females

Question 22

Sexuality

Answer 22

What kind of people a person is interested in

Question 23

Socialization

Answer 23

Process by which human beings learnt to become members of a group, by interacting appropriately with others and by coping with the behavioural rules established by the group

Question 24

Social Trauma

Answer 24

Individual and group experience of negative physical, mental, and emotional effects resulting from powerfully disturbing things caused by forces and agents external to the person or group

Question 25

Structural Violence

Answer 25

War.

Question 26

Syllogism

Answer 26

Series of 3 statements on which the final statement must follow logically from the first 2 statements

Question 27

Syllogistic Reasoning

Answer 27

Form of reasoning based on the syllogism

Question 28

Taxonomies

Answer 28

Hierarcical systems that sort groups of things that share at least one quality into subgroups that share a greater number of qualities

Question 29

Thinking

Answer 29

The active cognitive process of “going beyond the information given”

Question 30

Visuality

Answer 30

Ways that people from different societies learn to interpret what they see and to construct pictures using the visual practices that their own cultural system favours

Question 31

Zone of Proximal Development

Answer 31

Difference between what someone can achieve on their own and under the guidance of more experiences individuals

Question 32

Stimulants

Answer 32

Increase nervous system activity and give a person pleasurable experiences by making them more alert and quickening their energy levels and mental processes