Chapter 4 Flashcards
Communicative competence
Made by Dell Hymes. To refer to the master of adult rules for socially and culturally appropriate speech
Connotative meaning
Additional meaning of a word
Creole
Language that has developed over one or more past generations from 2 or more distinct language
Denotative Meaning
Formal meaning’s of a word, as in given in a dictionary
Design Features of Language
Characteristics of language that, when taken together, differentiate it from other known animal communication systems
Discourse
Meaningful utterance or series of utterances united by a common theme
Enthropragmetrics
Study of language use in a specific culture
Grammer
Set of rules that describes the patterns of linguistic usage observed by members of the same speech community
Heteroglossia
The Co-existence of multiple varieties of a specific language
Langauge
System of symbols we use to encode our experiences of the world and of one another
Langauge IDeology
System of beliefs about how language features relate to social features and what the reveal about the people who use them
Linguistic Competence
Noam Chomsky. Refer to the mastery of adult grammer
Linguistic Relativity Principle
(Sapir and Whorf hypothesis) Language has the power to shape the way people see the world
Linguistic
Study of language
Metalanguage
Language used to talk about language
Metaphor
Meaningful link between 2 expressions from different semantic domains
Mophemes
Smallest meaning-bearing units in any language (refers to a young male)
Morphology
Study of the smallest units of meaning
Native Speaker,
Person speaking their language since childbirth
Phonemes
Units of distinct sounds that come together to form words
Phonology
Study of sounds
Pidgin,
Simple language with no native speakers that develops in a single generation between members of communities that possess distinct native languages (create new language that doesn’t come from their parents language)
Pragmetrics
Study of language in the context of its use
Sematics
Study of meaning
Syntax
Study of sentence structures
Vocabulary
Words used in particular language or by members of a particular speech community
Charles Hocket
16 Design features of human language
6 most important Openness Arbitrariness Duality of patterning Displacement Semanticity Prevarication
Dell Hymes
Thought competent adult speakers of a language do more than just follow grammatical rules when they speak
Edward Sapir and Benjamin Whorf
Linguistic anthropologists that suggested language has the power to shape the way people see the world (Linguistic Relativity)
5 specialties of formal linguistic analysis
Phonology Morphology Semantics Syntax Pragmatics
Deborah Tannen
Studied the relationship between language use and gender
Terrence Deacon
Closed primate call systems don’t map onto any of the elements of human language
Human calls include sobbing and crying
Prevarication
Telling a lie, specially in a sneaky way
Structual Ambiguity
Ex. The man saw the boy with the binoculars
Linguistic Diversity
Largest barrier to communication
