Chapter 7 Flashcards
Affluence
Having more than enough of whatever is required to satisfy consumption needs
Consumption
Using up material goods neccessary for human survival
Distribution
The allocation of goods and services
Ecology
The study of ways living species relate to each other and their natural environment
Econiche
Plants and animals in ecozone where species rely on for survival
Economy
The material-means provisioning process in a cultural system
Ecotones
Transition area between 2 different ecozones that display characteristics of both ecozones
Ecozones
The particular mixture of plan and animal species occupying the region of the earth
Extensive Agriculture
Form of cultivation that depends on pretty much destroying the ground hah
Food Collectors
Hunt for food
Food Producers
Depend on domesticated plants or animals for food
Ideology
Explain to people who they are and justify the kinds of lives they lead
Institutions
Stable enduring cultural practices that organize social life
Intensive agriculture
Form of cultivation to bring more land under cultivation at one time
Labour
Activity linking human social groups to the material world around them
Market Exchange
Where the exchange of goods is calculated in terms of a multi-purpose medium of exchange and standard of value and carried on by means of a supply-demand-price mechanisms
Means of Production
Things that are used to extract energy from nature
Mechanized industrial agriculture
Large scale farming that’s highly dependent on industrial methods of technology and production
Mode of production
Specific, historically occurring set of relations through which labour is deployed to wrest energy from nature by means of tools etc.
Modes of exchange
Patterns according to which distribution takes place
Neoclassical Economic Theory
Formal attempt to explain the workings of capitalist enterprise, with particular attention to distribution
Production
Transformation of nature’s raw materials into a form suitable for human use
Reciprocity
Mode of exchange where people exchange goods and/or services
Redistribution
Centralized social organization receives contributions and then re-distributes them
Relations of Production
Links the people who use a given means of production within a particular mode of production
Scarcity
Assumption that resources will never be plentiful enough for people to obtain all the goods or services they desire
Subsistence Strategies
Patterns of production, distribution, and consumption that members of a society employ to ensure the satisfaction of their basic material survival needs
