Chapter 12

Question 1

Caste

Answer 1

Ranked group whose membership is based on inherited social roles

Question 2

Class

Answer 2

Ranked group within hierarchically stratified society whose membership is defined primarily in terms of wealth, occupation, and or/ access to power

Question 3

Client

Answer 3

The party inferior status in a clientage

Question 4

Clientage

Answer 4

The institution linking individuals from upper and lower levels in a stratified society

Question 5

Colourism

Answer 5

System of social identities negotiated based on the situation along the continuum of skin colour between whites and black

Question 6

Ethnic Groups;

Answer 6

Distinguished from one another on the basis of ethnicity

Question 7

Ethnicity

Answer 7

Social classification based on common cultural heritage and selected cultural features

Question 8

Jati

Answer 8

A caste that refers to localized, named, endogamous groups

Question 9

Nationalism

Answer 9

Attempt made by government officials to instil a sense of nationality into the citizens of a state

Question 10

Nations

Answer 10

Groups of people believed to share the same things

Question 11

Nation-State

Answer 11

An ideal political unit in which national identity and political territory coincide

Question 12

Naturalizing Discourses

Answer 12

The deliberate representation of particular identities as if they were a result of biology or nature rather than history or culture

Question 13

Objectification

Answer 13

The intentional construction of a collective public identity, it is the process that produces what we commonly think of as ethnicity

Question 14

Patron

Answer 14

The part of superior stats in a clientage

Question 15

Race

Answer 15

Broad human population that corresponds to distinct, heritable sets of biological attributes and often conflates geographic ancestry and physical type

Question 16

Racialism

Answer 16

Belief in the existence of biologically distinct races

Question 17

Racism

Answer 17

Hating on a certain group…

Question 18

Reification

Answer 18

Encourages the violent elimination of targeted groups and is central to the practice of racisms

Question 19

Social Race

Answer 19

Achieved status with a racial label in a system of stratification that is composed of open, class-like categories to which racial labels are assigned

Question 20

Stratified Societies

Answer 20

Where there is a permanent hierarchy that accords some members privileged to access to wealth, power, and prestige

Question 21

Strategic Essentialism

Answer 21

Use of essentialist rhetoric as a conscious political strategy to create a temporary solidarity to facilitate a specific social action

Question 22

Transformist Hegemony

Answer 22

Program to define nationality in a way that preserves the cultural domination of the ruling group while including enough cultural features from subordinated groups to ensure their loyalty

Question 23

Varna

Answer 23

Traditional social ranks that divide Indian society into 4 functional subdivisions

Priests Mobility (rulers and warriors)

Commoners (farmers and merchants)

Laborers and Servants