MID TERM 2

Question 1

While working on a coloring worksheet, 5-year-old Aaliyah can be heard whispering, “Color this one blue. Stay in the lines. Oh, yellow would be pretty.” According to Vygotsky, Aaliyah’s utterances are _____.

A) egocentric
B) indicative of emotional problems
C) called private speech
D) undermining her learning

Answer 1

C) called private speech

Question 2

Overregularization occurs because children _____.

A) tend to regress briefly before progressing to new forms of language
B) have no understanding of past, present, and future verb tenses
C) assume that the language is less regular than it actually is
D) assume that their language always follows the rules they already know

Answer 2

D) assume that their language always follows the rules they already know

Question 3

You see a beautiful yellow flower while walking through a meadow. Your eyes seeing the flower is a matter of _____. Your brain determining that the flower is yellow is a matter of _____. Imagining how the flower will look in a vase would demonstrate _____.

A) perception; knowing; cognition
B) sensation; perception; knowing
C) perception; sensation; knowing
D) sensation; perception; cognition

Answer 3

D) sensation; perception; cognition

Question 4

Gross motor skills are _____.

A) head motions
B) small movements
C) large movements
D) foot motions

Answer 4

C) large movements

Question 5

When children hear a new word in a familiar context, they can simply add the word to the general category without fully understanding the word. This is called _____.

A) lexical addition
B) categorical embellishment
C) vocabulary expansion
D) fast-mapping

Answer 5

D) fast-mapping

Question 6

A _____ is a ranking between 0 and 100 that compares children of the same age in order to determine whether a particular baby is growing well.

A) normal score
B) standard deviation
C) percentile
D) norm

Answer 6

C) percentile

Question 7

The ____ growth trend means “centre-out”

A) cephalocaudal
B) proximodistal
C) experience-dependent
D) experience-expectant

Answer 7

B) proximodistal

Question 8

The ______ is the age at which a fetus might survive outside the mother’s uterus if specialized medical care is available.

A) germinal period
B) embryonic period
C) fetal age indicator
D) age of viability

Answer 8

D) age of viability

Question 9

Which statement describes the brain’s cortex?

A) It is found in the center of the brain and is responsible for primitive emotions and reflexes.
B) It makes up a small percentage of the outer brain and is responsible for movement.
C) It makes up the outer layers of the brain and is responsible for thinking, feeling, and sensing.
D) It is the gray matter of the brain where the intersections of dendrites and axons form.

Answer 9

C) It makes up the outer layers of the brain and is responsible for thinking, feeling, and sensing.

Question 10

A baby whose birthweight is significantly lower than expected given the time since conception is referred to as “_____.”

A) preterm
B) premature
C) low-birthweight
D) small for gestational age

Answer 10

D) small for gestational age

Question 11

“You are your mom’s daughter, right?” Grandpa asked Beatriz. “Yes!” Beatriz eagerly answered. “Well, your mom is my daughter,” Grandpa replied. “No! She’s my Mommy!” Beatriz exclaimed. Why did Beatriz make this error?

A) conservation
B) object permanence
C) overregularization
D) centration

Answer 11

D) centration

Question 12

Newborn Kendrell received an Apgar score of 4. This score indicates that Kendrell is ______.

A) healthy and responsive
B) in need of emergency care
C) slightly lethargic but in good condition
D) hungry, cold, and irritable

Answer 12

B) in need of emergency care

Question 13

____ is the belief that natural objects and phenomena are alive, moving around, and having sensations and abilities that are human-like.

A) Egocentrism
B) Animism
C) Centration
D) Static reasoning

Answer 13

B) Animism

Question 14

Piaget called the stage of human cognitive development between the ages of 2 and 6 “preoperational intelligence” because children do not yet _____.

A) have intelligence
B) use logical operations
C) understand language
D) produce language

Answer 14

B) use logical operations

Question 15

Most developmentalists advocate _____ preschool programs.

A) private
B) public
C) child-centered
D) teacher-directed

Answer 15

C) child-centered

Question 16

Binocular vision refers to the ability to _____.

A) focus on objects at a distance
B) bring an object in and out of focus
C) focus on an object with both eyes
D) visually distinguish between similar colors

Answer 16

C) focus on an object with both eyes

Question 17

Evelyn dropped a tiny spot of ketchup on her pants during lunch. Even though her teacher was able to completely remove the spot, Evelyn is crying hysterically and says that she wants to go home because her outfit is ruined. Her behavior demonstrates the characteristic of preoperational thought known as _____.

A) irreversibility
B) centration
C) egocentrism
D) conservation

Answer 17

A) irreversibility

Question 18

Only after a child has developed theory of mind can he or she _____.

A) offer comfort to a crying playmate
B) tell a lie
C) feel anger
D) take turns sharing

Answer 18

B) tell a lie

Question 19

While Bill’s wife was pregnant, he experienced weight gain and indigestion. When she gave birth, he felt sharp physical pain as well. Bill was experiencing _____.

A) postpartum depression
B) couvade
C) false labor
D) the Moro reflex

Answer 19

B) couvade

Question 20

The process through which unused dendrites atrophy and die is called _____.

A) pruning
B) degeneration
C) transient exuberance
D) myelination

Answer 20

A) pruning

Question 21

Logical extension involves _____.

A) using a newly learned word to describe other objects in the same category
B) mentally charting new words
C) applying a new concept to a preexisting category
D) equilibration

Answer 21

A) using a newly learned word to describe other objects in the same category

Question 22

The last part of the brain to mature is the ____

A) axons
B) dendrites
C) synapses
D) prefrontal cortex

Answer 22

D) prefrontal cortex

Question 23

A child who is too short for his or her age due to severe malnutrition is suffering from a condition called _____.

A) stunting
B) marasmus
C) wasting
D) protein-calorie malnutrition

Answer 23

A) stunting

Question 24

Executive functioning involves three components: _______.

A) working memory, cognitive flexibility, and inhibitory control
B) short-term memory, habituation, and theory of mind
C) information processing, emotional reactivity, and social awareness
D) perspective taking, concrete thinking, and cognitive flexibility

Answer 24

A) working memory, cognitive flexibility, and inhibitory control

Question 25

Anoxia refers to _____.

A) cerebral hemorrhaging 
B) signs of cerebral palsy 
C) a lack of oxygen 
D) toxic substances in the bloodstream 
arrow

Answer 25

C) a lack of oxygen

Question 26

According to Vygotsky, guided participation requires that a child _____.

A) interacts with a mentor to accomplish a task
B) be told instructions for a task only once
C) discovers the solution to a task on his or her own
D) be taught new skills by other children

Answer 26

A) interacts with a mentor to accomplish a task

Question 27

Mandy is pregnant, yet she still has four alcoholic drinks each day. Her baby may be at increased risk for the development of _____.

A) fetal alcohol syndrome
B) fetal anoxia syndrome
C) fetal alcohol situation
D) functional alcohol syndrome

Answer 27

A) fetal alcohol syndrome

Question 28

Beverly and her mother were shopping for a birthday gift for Beverly’s father. “How about this? Daddy would love it!” Beverly exclaimed, showing her mother a pink and purple toy horse with flowing mane and tail. Beverly’s belief that her father would enjoy a toy that she herself would enjoy is an example of _____.

A) static reasoning
B) egocentrism
C) irreversibility
D) conservatism

Answer 28

B) egocentrism

Question 29

Gwen is the mother of newborn Taylor. For the majority of the day, Gwen holds Taylor between her breasts, skin-to-skin. This allows Taylor to listen to Gwen’s heartbeat, as well as feel her mother’s body heat. Gwen is utilizing ____.

A) swaddling
B) neonatal care
C) contact comfort
D) kangaroo care

Answer 29

D) kangaroo care

Question 30

As Juan and his father, Carlos, put together a puzzle for this first time, Carlos begins by showing Juan how to locate the outside pieces of the puzzle first. Once Juan starts to get the idea, Carlos gradually withdrawals his support, allowing Juan to take more responsibility. Carlos is demonstrating Vygotsky’s concept os “______”

A) sensorimotor support
B) scaffolding
C) optimal reinforcement
D) overimitation

Answer 30

B) scaffolding

Question 31

The human body is equipped to protect the brain when malnutrition temporarily affects body growth. This protective feature is known as _____.

A) the blood-brain barrier
B) brain-override
C) head-sparing
D) caudal protection

Answer 31

C) head-sparing

Question 32

Drugs, viruses, pollutants, malnutrition, and stress during pregnancy are referred to as “______.”

A) threshold effects
B) risk factors
C) teratogens
D) vulnerability factors

Answer 32

C) teratogens

Question 33

Transient exuberance is the _____.

A) rapid growth of dendrites during the first few years of life
B) high energy that toddlers experience following a nap
C) friendliness that infants display prior to the onset of stranger wariness
D) rapid growth of axons during the first few years of life

Answer 33

A) rapid growth of dendrites during the first few years of life

Question 34

When the immune system is primed to resist a particular disease, the process is called _____.

A) exuberance
B) immunization
C) pertussis
D) head-sparing

Answer 34

B) immunization

Question 35

______ is required for normal brain maturation to occur

A) experience-expectant growth
B) experience-dependent growth
C) self-righting
D) head-sparing

Answer 35

A) experience-expectant growth

Question 36

Humans seek reasons, causes, and underlying principles to explain the world around them. The research term for this tendency is _____.

A) deductive reasoning
B) conservation
C) scaffolding
D) theory-theory

Answer 36

D) theory-theory

Question 37

An infant’s inborn drive to remedy deficits is called _____.

A) self-efficacy
B) experience-expectant brain function
C) experience-dependent brain function
D) self-righting

Answer 37

D) self-righting

Question 38

Cindy is doing a presentation on prenatal development and wants to include the three main periods of prenatal development in order from conception to birth. In which order should Cindy list the periods?

A) embryonic, germinal, and fetal
B) fetal, embryonic, and germinal
C) germinal, embryonic, and fetal
D) germinal, fetal, and embryonic

Answer 38

C) germinal, embryonic, and fetal

Question 39

The strong, loving connection that forms as parents hold, examine, and feed their newborn is called _____.

A) couvade
B) a doula
C) kangaroo care
D) the parent-infant bond

Answer 39

D) the parent-infant bond

Question 40

Based on research about SIDS, caregivers are advised that babies should be _____.

A) put to sleep on their backs
B) put to sleep on their stomachs
C) kept in a very warm bedroom
D) fed right before being put to bed

Answer 40

A) put to sleep on their backs

Question 41

Carly just gave birth to her first child two weeks ago. Jeff, Carly’s husband, has noticed that Carly is unable to sleep, talks excessively, and seems extremely concerned that something is wrong with the baby, despite being reassured by the doctor. Carly’s behavior may indicate that she is experiencing ______.

A) postpartum depression
B) bipolar depression
C) schizophrenia
D) a dissociative episode

Answer 41

A) postpartum depression

Question 42

Growth occurs in a _____ pattern, which means “head-to-tail.”

A) proximodistal
B) cephalocaudal
C) neurogenesis
D) synaptogenesis

Answer 42

B) cephalocaudal

Question 43

In terms of early-childhood learning, research has found that if the home educational quality is poor, then _____.

A) a quality preschool is especially beneficial
B) attendance at preschool is detrimental
C) a day care will be more beneficial than a preschool
D) a child-centered program will be more beneficial than another approach

Answer 43

A) a quality preschool is especially beneficial