CHAPTER 11: Middle Childhood (Biosocial Development) Flashcards
Children between the ages of 6 and 11 are within the developmental stage referred to as \_\_\_\_\_. A)infancy B)early childhood C)middle childhood D)adolescence
C)middle childhood
Middle childhood is the \_\_\_\_\_ period of the entire life span. A)healthiest B)riskiest C)shortest D)longest
A)healthiest
The worldwide death rate during the middle childhood years has \_\_\_\_\_ since 1950. A)quadrupled B)doubled C)stayed the same D)decreased
D)decreased
When comparing the growth of children from ages 6 to 11 to infants or adolescents, one notices that children _____.
A)grow slowly and steadily
B)grow faster than they did in early childhood
C)grow at the same rate from ages 2 to 12
D)have a tremendous growth spurt during the school years
A)grow slowly and steadily
Children usually have all of their permanent teeth by age \_\_\_\_\_. A)4 B)6 C)10 D)12
D)12
In the United States, about \_\_\_\_\_ percent of children saw a dentist for preventive care in the previous year. A)25 B)50 C)75 D)100
C)75
Research suggests that among children who saw a dentist for preventive care, 70 percent \_\_\_\_\_. A)had low incomes B)ate out regularly C)had teeth that were in good shape D)regularly eat dessert
C)had teeth that were in good shape
Removal of fluoride from the water in Calgary, Canada, was associated with _____.
A)improvements in children’s health
B)reduction in obesity rates
C)increased water consumption
D)poorer teeth among second-grade children
D)poorer teeth among second-grade children
Children who have poor health due to economic or social reasons are vulnerable to poor health lifelong, even if their socioeconomic status later improves. The text explains this as resulting from _____.
A)poor diet in adulthood
B)lack of exercise in adulthood
C)prolonged stress and unhealthy food in childhood
D)playing too many video games in childhood
C)prolonged stress and unhealthy food in childhood
The benefits of physical activity during the middle childhood years _____.
A)are unrelated to health in adolescence and adulthood
B)protect health in adolescence but are unrelated to health in adulthood
C)are unrelated to health in adulthood but protect health in adolescence
D)can last a lifetime
D)can last a lifetime
Physical activity can affect children by \_\_\_\_\_. A)increasing depression B)improving academic achievement C)reducing problem-solving ability D)improving oral health practices
B)improving academic achievement
Body movement can improve intellectual functioning by \_\_\_\_\_. A)reducing cerebral blood flow B)including tests of academic concepts C)improving cerebral blood flow D)mimicking cognitive challenges
C)improving cerebral blood flow
Callie asks Jenna whether she wants to play tag with a group of her friends. Jenna joins the group of children. The children decide on the rules for tag and, as they play, they make sure that each child is following the rules. This informal, child-initiated game of tag is likely taking place \_\_\_\_\_. A)in a neighborhood B)in school C)under the direction of a parent D)in a sports league
A)in a neighborhood
Which factor contributes to the decline in neighborhood play among children?
A)people no longer want to know their neighbors
B)parental obesity
C)the high incidence of juvenile diabetes
D)parents’ fear of “stranger danger”
D)parents’ fear of “stranger danger”
Which child is most likely to participate in a childhood sports league? A)middle- and upper-class boys B)children with special needs C)low-SES children D)inner-city children
A)middle- and upper-class boys
Which child is most likely to participate in a childhood sports league?
A)Randy, a 10-year-old boy who lives in the suburbs
B)George, a 10-year-old boy with autism spectrum disorder
C)Ada, a 12-year-old girl who lives in the suburbs
D)Romeal, a 10-year-old boy who lives downtown
A)Randy, a 10-year-old boy who lives in the suburbs
Physical activity within schools has \_\_\_\_\_ over the years. A)increased B)decreased C)hindered academic achievement D)remained stable
B)decreased
What have researchers said about the importance of recess, especially for children from disadvantaged backgrounds?
A)Recess is often the only opportunity for them to learn the rules to organized sports.
B)Without recess, children lack free time to catch up on their reading assignments.
C)Recess may be the only opportunity to practice social skills with other children.
D)Without recess, children miss out on unstructured time with adults.
C)Recess may be the only opportunity to practice social skills with other children.
Research suggests that children who are deprived of \_\_\_\_\_ often have reduced mastery of reading and math. A)city life B)tests C)screen time D)recess
D)recess
Childhood overweight is usually defined as \_\_\_\_\_ above the 85th percentile. A)weight B)skinfold test C)waist circumference D)BMI
D)BMI
Children are considered overweight when they have BMIs above the \_\_\_\_\_ percentile. A)65th B)75th C)85th D)95th
C)85th
Hannah's BMI is in the 79th percentile, which is associated with being \_\_\_\_\_. A)underweight B)normal weight C)overweight D)obese
B)normal weight
Childhood obesity is usually defined as a BMI above the \_\_\_\_\_ percentile. A)65th B)75th C)85th D)95th
D)95th
At Devon's recent check-up, her doctor told her that she is obese. Devon's BMI is in the \_\_\_\_\_ percentile. A)17th B)37th C)71st D)97th
D)97th
At the beginning of middle childhood, the \_\_\_\_\_ is less than at any other stage of life. A)motivation to master a skill B)number of friends C)proportion of body fat D)size of vocabulary
C)proportion of body fat
Which factor is most often seen in children who are obese? A)low blood pressure B)increased psychopathology C)high levels of cholesterol D)increased chance of becoming a bully
C)high levels of cholesterol
Madeline is 9 years old and is considered obese. While her parents acknowledge that they could adopt a healthier lifestyle, they blame genetics for her weight problem. How many genes are estimated to influence Madeline's weight? A)5 B)10 C)dozens D)hundreds
C)dozens
Obesity has increased because it is common for _____.
A)preschoolers to play outdoors
B)preschoolers to watch TV and drink soda
C)babies to be breast-fed
D)children to walk to school
B)preschoolers to watch TV and drink soda
Marilyn is 7 years old and is classified as obese. Based on information from the text, which would you say contributed to her obesity?
A)She played outdoors frequently.
B)She often didn’t get enough sleep.
C)Her parents allowed her to spend one hour or less per day of screen time.
D)After breast-feeding for a year, she was transitioned to solid foods.
B)She often didn’t get enough sleep.
During middle childhood, children themselves contribute to weight gain by getting adults to do what they want, such as buying them candy or junk food. The ability of children to get adults to do what they want has been referred to as \_\_\_\_\_ power. A)influence B)demanding C)child D)pester
D)pester
Austin is in the grocery store with his mom and he sees the candylike cereal that he saw advertised on television. He asks his mom to purchase it, and she says no. He continues to beg, bargain, and pout until she concedes. Austin demonstrated \_\_\_\_\_ power. A)influence B)demanding C)child D)pester
D)pester
Asthma is a disorder caused by \_\_\_\_\_ the airways. A)inflammation of B)enlargement of C)destruction of D)holes in
A)inflammation of
Monica brought her 10-year-old son to see the doctor because he was having problems breathing. The doctor informed Monica that her son had inflammation of the airways. Monica's son was diagnosed with \_\_\_\_\_. A)asthma B)obesity C)sleep apnea D)diabetes
A)asthma
Since 1980 the rate of childhood asthma in the United States has \_\_\_\_\_. A)doubled B)tripled C)decreased D)stayed the same
B)tripled
William was doing a class report on asthma and learned that several factors may contribute to its development, including \_\_\_\_\_. A)outdoor play B)early respiratory infections C)sunlight D)carpets
D)carpets
The belief that children's immune systems need to be exposed to viruses and bacteria in order to strengthen them, but that children are overprotected from this exposure, is called the \_\_\_\_\_. A)sterile environment theory B)hygiene hypothesis C)spore theory D)immunity hypothesis
B)hygiene hypothesis
With respect to asthma, the hygiene hypothesis is supported by data showing that _____.
A)children born by vaginal delivery have more asthma
B)farm children have less asthma and other allergies
C)later-born children develop asthma more often than first-born children
D)city children have less asthma and fewer allergies
B)farm children have less asthma and other allergies
Which child is at higher risk for developing asthma?
A)a child who lives in a city
B)a child who lives on a farm
C)a child who experienced a vaginal delivery
D)a child who is second-born in the family
A)a child who lives in a city
The hygiene hypothesis asserts that _____.
A)the immune system needs to tangle with microbes when we are young
B)the immune system needs to be protected through very hygienic conditions
C)farm animals are more hygienic than household pets
D)smoking is unhygienic
A)the immune system needs to tangle with microbes when we are young
How long it takes to respond to a stimulus is referred to as \_\_\_\_\_. A)stimulus response B)waiting period C)reaction time D)response time
C)reaction time
A 3-year-old has a harder time catching a ball than a 9-year-old does. One contributing factor for why the 9-year-old has an easier time catching the ball in contrast to the 3-year-old is \_\_\_\_\_. A)increased reaction time B)decreased reaction time C)increased stimulus response D)decreased stimulus response
B)decreased reaction time
The ability to concentrate on some stimuli while ignoring others is referred to as \_\_\_\_\_. A)selective attention B)divided attention C)automatization D)reaction time
A)selective attention
Eight-year-old Molly is able to listen to her teacher and concentrate on what he is saying even when her friends are talking around her. Molly is able to do this because of an improvement in \_\_\_\_\_. A)selective attention B)divided attention C)automatization D)reaction time
A)selective attention
Aptitude tests are designed to measure one’s _____.
A)potential for learning a skill or body of knowledge
B)achievement in a particular subject
C)capacity for divergent thinking
D)verbal abilities only
A)potential for learning a skill or body of knowledge
Originally, a person's mental age and chronological age were factors used to determine his or her \_\_\_\_\_. A)achievement on the WAIS B)intelligence quotient C)multiple intelligences D)achievement on the WPPSI
B)intelligence quotient
One's mental age divided by one's chronological age and multiplied by 100 results in one's \_\_\_\_\_. A)measure of mastery B)proficiency score C)achievement quotient D)intelligence quotient
D)intelligence quotient
The average IQ is a score of \_\_\_\_\_. A)70 B)85 C)100 D)115
C)100
Susie has an IQ score of 90. According to the distribution of IQ scores, Susie's IQ falls into which category? A)average B)slow learner C)superior D)gifted
A)average
Payton has an IQ score of 135. According to the distribution of IQ scores, Payton's IQ falls into which category? A)average B)slow learner C)superior D)gifted
D)gifted
April is tested on her mastery of college chemistry. She is taking a(n) \_\_\_\_\_. A)achievement test B)IQ test C)field test D)aptitude test
A)achievement test
Achievement tests are designed to measure one's \_\_\_\_\_. A)learned knowledge about a subject B)potential for accomplishment C)capacity for divergent thinking D)verbal abilities
A)learned knowledge about a subject
