Microbiome 8.1 Flashcards
Microbiome are composed of?
bacteria, archaea, eukarya, viruses
What is a microbiome?
a population of mirobes in an environment (which could be anywhere, skin, hair, table, apple, air, water, stomach, carpet)
What do you look at to determine if a microbiome is DIFFERENT?
Sequencing of the DNA sequence for 16S ribosomal RNA
- If they are exactly the same= same organism
- they one nucleotide is different, they are different
Over _____ of ____ are known to exist based on 16s ribosomal RNA gene sequence information
80 phyla of bacteria
**90% of the characterized bacterial species are in what 4 phyla?
Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, Firmicutes, and Bacteroidetes
Fewer than ____ of all bacterial species have been characterized
fewer than half
~10,000 species are characterized
What is the species we know exists but cannot grow and learn about them?
Zeta-
caldisercia
elusimincrobia
gemmatimonadetes
Proteobacteria are a diverse phyla of Gram____ bacteria? found where?
negative
*several classes, some of which contain bacteria that live in or on humans
Where are the classes of proteobacteria? Which one is a main focus?
**gamma is main one
Classes: gamma, beta, alpha, zeta, epsilon, delta
Firmicutes contain?
Lactic acid producing bacteria
Firmicutes are or are not fermentative?
they ARE fermentative
In regards to air/oxygen, Firmicutes are?
aerotolerant anaerobes
Do Firmicutes produce energy through oxidative phosphorylation?
NO
Firmicutes contain what species?
Streptococcus species
Firmicutes are catalase negative or positive?
catalase negative
In regards to air/oxygen, Bacteroidetes are?
obligate anaerobes
Bacteroidetes are spore forming or non-spore forming?
non-spore forming
*thus some of them are part of the anaerobic environments of the human body
Porphyromonas gingivalis is in what phylum?
Bacteroidetes
What are the lactobacillales organisms?
Streptococcus, Lactobacillus, and Leucronostoc species
Is Porphyromonas gingivalis important for denstistry? Why or why not?
cause the development of periodontal disease
Human Microbiome Project is based on what gene?
16S ribosomal RNA gene
point of Human Microbiome Project ?
To figure out what bacteria are colonizing at different locations in and on the body and how they are different
What is a Core microbiome?
arbitrarily defined as the species that are present at a specific site in 95% or more of individuals
Secondary microbiome
Microbial species that contribute to the unique diversity of individuals at specific body sites