Bacterial Structure 2&3. 1

Question 1

are viruses considered living?

Answer 1

yes

Question 2

Viruses are not ____ but must infect cells in order to replicate

Answer 2

cells

Question 3

There are two types of microbial cells. what are they?

Answer 3

• the prokaryote microbe – Bacteria and Archaea

* the eukaryote microbe- Fungi and Protozoans

Question 4

Examples of prokaryote microbe and eukaryote microbe?

Answer 4

• the prokaryote microbe – Bacteria and Archaea

* the eukaryote microbe- Fungi and Protozoans

Question 5

Archaea may have been the first forms of? They live in extreme?

Answer 5

first forms of life on earth

live in extreme environments

Question 6

Methanogens

Answer 6

generate methane

Question 7

Halophiles

Answer 7

thrive in high salt

Question 8

Thermophiles

Answer 8

thrive in high heat

Question 9

Acidophiles

Answer 9

thrive in high acid environments

Question 10

Mitochondria and chloroplasts were once free-living

Answer 10

bacterial cells that established stable

residency in cells of Eukarya eons ago (or established residency in Archaea to create the first Eukaryotic cell)

Question 11

endosymbiosis

Answer 11

bacterial cells that established stable

residency in cells of Eukarya eons ago (or established residency in Archaea to create the first Eukaryotic cell)

Question 12

Mitochondria have their own ________ thought to be derived from specific lineages of bacteria

Answer 12

ribosomes (70S)

Question 13

Mitochondria amount per cell? membrane?

Answer 13

• vary in number per cell
• have a double membrane
• Folded internal membranes are called Cristae

Question 14

Mitochondria cristae contain?

Answer 14

enzymes for respiration and ATP production

Question 15

Mitochondria matrix contains?

Answer 15

enzymes of citric acid cycle

Question 16

Human mtDNA encodes 37 essential genes required for?

Answer 16

oxidative phosphorylation

*13 proteins, 22 tRNAs, and 2 rRNAs

Question 17

mitochondrial gene expression alone involves _____ genes

Answer 17

> 100 nuclear

Question 18

ratio of surface area and volume is larger in prokaryotes or eukaryotes?

Answer 18

prokaryotes (this is advantageous)

Question 19

Morphology of bacteria simple means?

Answer 19

many different shapes: coccus, bacillus, spirillum, Spirochete, Budding, Hyphae, Filamentous

Question 20

coccus

Answer 20

round shape

Question 21

bacillus

Answer 21

rod shaped

Question 22

spirillum

Answer 22

loose spiral shaped

Question 23

Spirochete

Answer 23

tight spiral shaped

Question 24

Filamentous

Answer 24

long, thin stringly shaped

Question 25

budding

Answer 25

has a stalk, attached to a surface

Question 26

hyphae

Answer 26

has a hypha, attaches to a cell and penetrates

Question 27

cell arrangments mean?

Answer 27

how bacteria cell stick together: strepto, staphylo, diplo

Question 28

strepto means?

Answer 28

chains of cells

Question 29

staphylo

Answer 29

clusters of cells

Question 30

diplo

Answer 30

two cells together (ONLY two)

Question 31

Streptococcus mutans

Answer 31

the causative agent of dental caries, looks like this under the microscope
*CHAINS of ROUND cells