Antibacterial protocols 7.5 inibition of protein synthesis

Question 1

What all inhibits protein synthesis?

Answer 1

Aminoglycosides Tetracyclines, Macrolides, Chloramphenicol?

Question 2

Aminoglycosides are?

Answer 2

amino sugars linked through glycosidic bonds to an aminocyclitol ring

Question 3

Aminoglycosides results in the production of?

Answer 3

aberrant proteins and interruption of

protein synthesis

Question 4

Aminoglycosides exert their effect by passing through the?

Answer 4

outer membrane, cell wall, and cytoplasmic membrane to cytoplasm
**they INHIBIT protein synthesis by irreversibly binding to 30S ribosomal
proteins

Question 5

Streptomycin, neomycin, kanamycin, and tobramycin originally isolated from ______ species?

Answer 5

Streptomyces

Question 6

gentamicin and sisomicin isolated from ______ species?

Answer 6

Micromonospora

Question 7

what are Tetracyclines? Binds where?

Answer 7

a broad-spectrum, bacteriostatic antibiotic. Binds reversibly to the 30S ribosomal subunits

Question 8

tetracycline, doxycycline, minocycline are effective in the treatment of infections caused by?

Answer 8

Chlamydia, Mycoplasma, and Rickettsia species and other selected gram-positive and gramnegative bacteria

Question 9

What is the most common cause of resistance to tetracycline?

Answer 9

A variety of genes in bacteria control active efflux of tetracyclines from the cell

Question 10

Erythromycin is derived from?

Answer 10

Streptomyces erythreus

Question 11

What is the basic structure of macrolides?

Answer 11

is macrocyclic lactone ring bound to two sugars, desosamine and cladinose

Question 12

Modification of Macrolides led to?

Answer 12

azithromycin, clarithromycin, and roxithromycin

Question 13

Macrolides bind to what in order to block polypeptide elongation?

Answer 13

binds to 23S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) of 50S ribosomal subunit to block polypeptide elongation

Question 14

Macrolides are or are not broad sprectrum and used to treat?

Answer 14

They are broad spectrum and used to treat pulmonary infections caused by Mycoplasma, Legionella, and Chlamydia species

Question 15

What, besides macrolides, have also been used to treat mycobacteria?

Answer 15

Azithromycin and clarithromycin have also been used to treat infections caused by mycobacteria
Ex: Mycobacterium avium complex

Question 16

Chloramphenicol are similar to?

Answer 16

are broad antibacterial spectrum similar to tetracycline

Question 17

Why is Chloramphenicol not commonly used in the USA?

Answer 17

due to interference with protein synthesis in human bone marrow cells and can produce blood dyscrasias, such as aplastic anemia

Question 18

Chloramphenicol exert its bacteriostatic effect by binding reversibly to?

Answer 18

peptidyl transferase component of the 50S ribosomal subunit, thus blocking peptide elongation