Bac metabolism Lec 4. 1 Flashcards

1
Q

anabolism

A

process by which a cell is built from simple nutrients

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2
Q

catabolism

A

process by which a cell breaks down complex nutrients

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3
Q

Chemotrophic organisms

A

utilize energy rich compounds for catabolism and anabolism

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4
Q

Chemoorganotrophs

A

obtain their energy from the oxidation of organic compounds

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5
Q

Chemolithotrophs

A

obtain their energy from the oxidation of inorganic compounds

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6
Q

phototrophs

A

obtain their energy from light

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7
Q

Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) and Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADP) are carriers of

A

electrons/hydrogen

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8
Q

NAD/NADP function as a?

A

coenzyme with many different metabolic enzymes

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9
Q

NAD Coenzyme of coupled redox

reactions allows for?

A

electron transfer to occur between chemically dissimilar molecules, with the coenzyme acting as an intermediary by binding to different enzymes

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10
Q

NAD+/NADH–are freely_______, transferring electrons from one place to another in the cell

A

diffusible

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11
Q

NAD+ can be viewed as an?

A

energy sensor of a cell

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12
Q

The energy from redox reactions is conserved in the formation of certain
compounds that contain ______ _____ bonds. Example?

A

enery-rich phosphate bands

*ATP

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13
Q

fermentation and/or respiration are both examples of?

A

enery conservation

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14
Q

fermentaion means?

A

that ATP generation depends on substrate level phosphorylation within a single metabolic pathway involved in catabolism of organic molecules (such as glucose)

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15
Q

one good example of fermentation is?

A

glycolysis

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16
Q

glycolysis is?

A

an anoxic (not requiring oxygen) process and is divided into 3 major stages, each involving a series of individually catalyzed enzymatic reactions

17
Q

during glycolysis, Streptococcus mutans produces? why?

A

lactic acid as a fermentation product in the oral cavity b/c of the enzyme Lactate dehydrogenase

18
Q

what is the terminal enzyme in fermemtation pathways?

A

Lactate dehydrogenase

19
Q

without Lactate dehydrogenase, S. mutans cannot produce ____ and cause ____?

A

produce lactic acid and cause caries

20
Q

Respiration means? example?

A

that ATP generation depends on transferring electrons out of one catabolic pathway via an intermediary
*NADH into an electron transfer system followed by oxidative phosphorylation

21
Q

In fermentation or respiration, the terminal electron acceptor can be supples what 3 ways?

A

1) externally supplied (repiration)
2) part of another anzymatic pathway
3) internally supplied (fermentation) as part of original pathway

22
Q

what is the terminal acceptor type for respiration? Meaning ATP is produced via?

A

externally supplied

*ATP produced via oxidative phosphorylation

23
Q

Aerobic respiration electron acceptor?

24
Q

Anaerobic respiration electron acceptor?

A

molecule other than oxygen (nitrate, sulfate, nitrite)

25
What forms the proton motive force in bacterial energetics?
When electrons are transported through an electron transport chain, protons are extruded to the outside of the membrane, forming the proton motive force.
26
3 things proton motive force provides energy to?
1. used for ATP generation- ATP synthase utilizes PMF for generation of ATP 2. used for the transport of nutrients -symporter and antiporter systems 3. used for locomotion of the cell eg. flagellar motion
27
oxygen can be toxic why?
generation of reactive oxygen products
28
give examples of intermediary reactive oxygen byproducts from aerobic respirtation
hydrogen peroxide and superoxide
29
aerobic bacteria are protected from oxygen byproducts by what enzymes?
catalase peroxidase superoxide dismutase
30
why are anaerobic bacteria unprotected from oxygen?
they lack enzymes that remove or break down oxygen for them
31
common anaerobic bacteria in dental field?
Porphyromonas gingivalis
32
how is H+ returned to cytoplasm after e- transport systems?
H+ are returned, via membrane bound ATPase (ATP synthase), to the cytoplasm with the formation of ATP from ADP and PO4