Bac metabolism Lec 4. 1

Question 1

anabolism

Answer 1

process by which a cell is built from simple nutrients

Question 2

catabolism

Answer 2

process by which a cell breaks down complex nutrients

Question 3

Chemotrophic organisms

Answer 3

utilize energy rich compounds for catabolism and anabolism

Question 4

Chemoorganotrophs

Answer 4

obtain their energy from the oxidation of organic compounds

Question 5

Chemolithotrophs

Answer 5

obtain their energy from the oxidation of inorganic compounds

Question 6

phototrophs

Answer 6

obtain their energy from light

Question 7

Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) and Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADP) are carriers of

Answer 7

electrons/hydrogen

Question 8

NAD/NADP function as a?

Answer 8

coenzyme with many different metabolic enzymes

Question 9

NAD Coenzyme of coupled redox

reactions allows for?

Answer 9

electron transfer to occur between chemically dissimilar molecules, with the coenzyme acting as an intermediary by binding to different enzymes

Question 10

NAD+/NADH–are freely_______, transferring electrons from one place to another in the cell

Answer 10

diffusible

Question 11

NAD+ can be viewed as an?

Answer 11

energy sensor of a cell

Question 12

The energy from redox reactions is conserved in the formation of certain
compounds that contain ______ _____ bonds. Example?

Answer 12

enery-rich phosphate bands

*ATP

Question 13

fermentation and/or respiration are both examples of?

Answer 13

enery conservation

Question 14

fermentaion means?

Answer 14

that ATP generation depends on substrate level phosphorylation within a single metabolic pathway involved in catabolism of organic molecules (such as glucose)

Question 15

one good example of fermentation is?

Answer 15

glycolysis

Question 16

glycolysis is?

Answer 16

an anoxic (not requiring oxygen) process and is divided into 3 major stages, each involving a series of individually catalyzed enzymatic reactions

Question 17

during glycolysis, Streptococcus mutans produces? why?

Answer 17

lactic acid as a fermentation product in the oral cavity b/c of the enzyme Lactate dehydrogenase

Question 18

what is the terminal enzyme in fermemtation pathways?

Answer 18

Lactate dehydrogenase

Question 19

without Lactate dehydrogenase, S. mutans cannot produce ____ and cause ____?

Answer 19

produce lactic acid and cause caries

Question 20

Respiration means? example?

Answer 20

that ATP generation depends on transferring electrons out of one catabolic pathway via an intermediary
*NADH into an electron transfer system followed by oxidative phosphorylation

Question 21

In fermentation or respiration, the terminal electron acceptor can be supples what 3 ways?

Answer 21

1) externally supplied (repiration)
2) part of another anzymatic pathway
3) internally supplied (fermentation) as part of original pathway

Question 22

what is the terminal acceptor type for respiration? Meaning ATP is produced via?

Answer 22

externally supplied

*ATP produced via oxidative phosphorylation

Question 23

Aerobic respiration electron acceptor?

Answer 23

oxygen

Question 24

Anaerobic respiration electron acceptor?

Answer 24

molecule other than oxygen (nitrate, sulfate, nitrite)

Question 25

What forms the proton motive force in bacterial energetics?

Answer 25

When electrons are transported through an electron transport chain, protons are extruded to the outside of the membrane, forming the proton motive force.

Question 26

3 things proton motive force provides energy to?

Answer 26

1. used for ATP generation- ATP synthase utilizes PMF for generation of ATP
2. used for the transport of nutrients -symporter and antiporter systems
3. used for locomotion of the cell eg. flagellar motion

Question 27

oxygen can be toxic why?

Answer 27

generation of reactive oxygen products

Question 28

give examples of intermediary reactive oxygen byproducts from aerobic respirtation

Answer 28

hydrogen peroxide and superoxide

Question 29

aerobic bacteria are protected from oxygen byproducts by what enzymes?

Answer 29

catalase
peroxidase
superoxide dismutase

Question 30

why are anaerobic bacteria unprotected from oxygen?

Answer 30

they lack enzymes that remove or break down oxygen for them

Question 31

common anaerobic bacteria in dental field?

Answer 31

Porphyromonas gingivalis

Question 32

how is H+ returned to cytoplasm after e- transport systems?

Answer 32

H+ are returned, via membrane bound ATPase (ATP synthase), to the cytoplasm with the formation of ATP from ADP and PO4