microbiology quiz 3-3-15 Flashcards
in a bacterial cell where is the DNA located?
in the nucleoid region
what percentage of the bacterial cell is comprised of the nucleoid region?
10%
what is the genetic make up of the organism called?
the genome
what is the location of the genome in the prokaryotic cell called?
the nucleoid region
what is the location of the genome in the eukaryotic cell called?
the nucleus
what is the point of attachment for the chromosomes in the prokaryotic cell?
the plasma membrane
what is the point of attachment for the chromosomes in the eukaryotic cell?
none, It is free floating
what is the measurement of the DNA in the prokaryotic cell?
1 giant circle of double stranded DNA
how many genes does the prokaryotic cell have?
approximately 4000
how many genes does the eukaryotic cell have?
approximately 25000
what is the plasmid made up of?
protein and DNA
how many genes are in the plasmid?
5-100 genes
if the bacteria has a pili than it most likely has what also”
a plasmid
true or false
a bacteria can copy its plasmid and pass it through conjugation to another bacteria?
true
what portion of the bacterial cell can code for things, such as its ability to code for a toxin, or its resistance to a certain ABT?
the plasmid
in what gram bacteria are plasmids found?
gram -
when a bacteria divides does the plasmid have to be copied too?
no
where in the cell is the site for protein synthesis?
in the ribosomes
how is the ribosomes density measured?
Svedberg units
what is the total measurement of the bacterial ribosomes
70s
what the measurement of the ribosome in the small subunit of the bacterial cell
30s
what is the unit of measurement for the large sub unit of the ribosome in the eukaryotic cell?
60s
what is the unit of measurement for the large sub unit of the ribosome in the eukaryotic cell?
60s
what is the measurement of the ribosome in the small unit of the euk. cell
40s
what is the total svedberg units for the eukaryotic cell?
80s
all bacterial cells store their carbohydrates as polysaccharides in two forms. what are they
granules and inclusion body
what two antibiotic drugs target the prokaryotic ribosomes?
tetracycline and arythromycin
what are the free floating polysaccharides
granules
where in our eukaryotic cells do we have the same ribosomal svedberg measurement as the total number is bacterial cells?
in our mitochondria , they have 70s like bacterial cells
what are the polysaccharides that are enclosed in a sac or vacuoles
inclusion body
what are the free floating polysaccharides found in most bacterial cells called?
granules
bacteria store lipids as what
poly-b-hydroxybutyric acid
if the polysaccharides are enclosed in a sac or vacuole in the bacterial cell, what are they called ?
inclusion body
corynebacterium diptheriae bacteria have red/blue phosphate granules known as
metachromatic granules
bacteria have lipids that they store in inclusion bodies, what is it called
poly-b-hydroxybutyric acid
what bacteria has metachromatic granules
Corynebacterium diptheriae
what are the inclusion bodies made up of iron oxide and what are they used for
they are called magnetosomes and they are used to navigate their environment.
these inclusions are iron oxide and used to navigate their environment
magnetosomes
their is only one species of bacteria that have metachromatic granules what is the species?
Corynebacterium dipteriae
these inclusions have CO2 inside of their vesicle, used for buoyancy
gas inclusions
the species Corynebacterium diptheriae what red/blue phosphates granules called
metachromatic granules
there are 2 gram + bacteria that can produce endospores what are they
bacillus and Clostridium
where do endospores live
in the soil`
what is known to kill an endospore
an autoclave
when the endospore is at the end of the bacteria what is the location known as
terminal
when the endospore is near the end of the bacteria what is the location known as
subterminal
when the endospore is in the middle of the bacteria what is the location known as
central
what is the name of the genius of bacteria that causes gas gangrene?
Clostridium
what is the name of the genius of bacteria that causes botulism
clostridium
what is the name of the free living bacteria that is a blue/green autotroph:
cyanobacteria
what is the most dominant organism on earth
cyanobacteria
what is the ability of the cyanobacteria to change N2 into a usable form
nitrogen fixation
what does the nitrogen fixer change N2 into?
nitrates
what give the cyanobacteria their blue color?
the phycocyanin
what gives the cyanobacteria its green color?
the chlorophyll a & b
where are cyanobacteria found
in water and on land
what free living bacteria are autotrophs
cyanobacteria and green and purple sulfur bacteria
which free living non pathogenic bacteria is a heterotroph
the gliding and fruiting bacteria
what is an example of the gliding and fruiting bacteria
the myxobacteria
these form of free living non pathogenic bacteria aggregate and move toward the other bacteria to kill it like a wolf pack, what are they
gliding and fruiting bacteria
how do the gliding and fruiting bacteria move
they glide over the moist surfaces with fibers under the outer membrane, they have protein filaments in their cell walls
what is the name of the theory of how the prokaryotic cells developed into eukaryotic cells
the endosymbiotic theory
according to the endosymbiotic theory, how did the prokaryotic cell develop a nucleus
its membrane enfolded and surrounded the DNA
according to the endosymbiotic theory, how did the eukaryotic cell develop its membrane bound organelles
it engulfed a smaller prokaryotic cell and this became the mitochondria.
what is the measurement of the ribosomes in the mitochondria
70s
according to the endosymbiotic theory, how did the autotroph form
the eukaryotic cell engulfed a prokaryotic autotroph and it became a chloroplast
what is the measurement of the ribosomes in a chloroplast?
70s
name the obligate intracellular parasites that is a gram negative bacteria
rickettsia
what disease does the genus rickettsia cause
rocky mountain spotted fever and typhus
name an obligate intracellular parasite that cannot live outside of the host cell, that is found in wild animals
rickettsia
name the obligate intracellular parasite, that is not transmitted by an arthropod and causes an STI or eye infection
chlamydia trachomatis
how is the cell wall different in the archaea and bacteria
there is no peptidoglycan in the archaea walls
where do the archaea live
in extreme locations
how does the genetic sequences differ from the bacteria and the archaea
the archaea have 3 and the bacteria have 1
when the virus attaches itself to the host cell by specific binding of its spikes to the cells receptors, this is known as
adsorption or attraction attachment
when the virus is engulfed by the cell membrane into a vesicle and is transported internally ( the cell brings it into itself) this is known as
penetration or receptor mediated endocytosis
when the virus removes its coating inside of the cell and releases its RNA into the cytoplasm this is known as
uncoating
replication and protein production in the nucleus and capsid replication is known as
synthesis
when the virus buds off or it goes through exocytosis, this phase is known as
release
when a bacteriophase attaches to the bacteria and injects its DNA this is known as
penetration
what is the difference in the adsorption process between a virus and a bacteriophage
in the regular virus it is attraction attachment and in the bacteriophage it is injection of the DNA. the bacteria does not bring the virus into it like a regular animal cell.
what is the name of the nonliving particles that are smaller than a virus?
prions
what is the misfolded proteins, that contain no nucleic acids
prions
what is the transmissible spongiform encephalopathies caused by
prions
what is the disease caused by prions in sheep called
scrapies
what is the disease caused by prions in cows
bovine spongiform encephalopathies
what is the prion disease called in humans
creutzfield-jakob syndrome
what is the name of the satellite virus that replicates only when the cells are infected with adenovirus
adeno-associated virus
what is the name of the naked strand of RNA that in the presents of hepatitis B virus it will develop into hepatitis D
delta agent
what is the name of the short pieces of RNA that have no protein coat and have only been identified in plants
viroids
what is the name of a virus that is dependent on the presence of other viruses for replication
a satellite virus
