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Microbiology lecture > microbiology quiz 3-3-15 > Flashcards

microbiology quiz 3-3-15 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

in a bacterial cell where is the DNA located?

A

in the nucleoid region

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2
Q

what percentage of the bacterial cell is comprised of the nucleoid region?

A

10%

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3
Q

what is the genetic make up of the organism called?

A

the genome

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4
Q

what is the location of the genome in the prokaryotic cell called?

A

the nucleoid region

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5
Q

what is the location of the genome in the eukaryotic cell called?

A

the nucleus

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6
Q

what is the point of attachment for the chromosomes in the prokaryotic cell?

A

the plasma membrane

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7
Q

what is the point of attachment for the chromosomes in the eukaryotic cell?

A

none, It is free floating

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8
Q

what is the measurement of the DNA in the prokaryotic cell?

A

1 giant circle of double stranded DNA

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9
Q

how many genes does the prokaryotic cell have?

A

approximately 4000

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10
Q

how many genes does the eukaryotic cell have?

A

approximately 25000

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11
Q

what is the plasmid made up of?

A

protein and DNA

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12
Q

how many genes are in the plasmid?

A

5-100 genes

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13
Q

if the bacteria has a pili than it most likely has what also”

A

a plasmid

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14
Q

true or false

a bacteria can copy its plasmid and pass it through conjugation to another bacteria?

A

true

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15
Q

what portion of the bacterial cell can code for things, such as its ability to code for a toxin, or its resistance to a certain ABT?

A

the plasmid

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16
Q

in what gram bacteria are plasmids found?

A

gram -

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17
Q

when a bacteria divides does the plasmid have to be copied too?

A

no

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18
Q

where in the cell is the site for protein synthesis?

A

in the ribosomes

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19
Q

how is the ribosomes density measured?

A

Svedberg units

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20
Q

what is the total measurement of the bacterial ribosomes

A

70s

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21
Q

what the measurement of the ribosome in the small subunit of the bacterial cell

A

30s

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22
Q

what is the unit of measurement for the large sub unit of the ribosome in the eukaryotic cell?

A

60s

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22
Q

what is the unit of measurement for the large sub unit of the ribosome in the eukaryotic cell?

A

60s

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23
Q

what is the measurement of the ribosome in the small unit of the euk. cell

A

40s

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23
Q

what is the total svedberg units for the eukaryotic cell?

A

80s

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24
Q

all bacterial cells store their carbohydrates as polysaccharides in two forms. what are they

A

granules and inclusion body

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24
Q

what two antibiotic drugs target the prokaryotic ribosomes?

A

tetracycline and arythromycin

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25
Q

what are the free floating polysaccharides

A

granules

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25
Q

where in our eukaryotic cells do we have the same ribosomal svedberg measurement as the total number is bacterial cells?

A

in our mitochondria , they have 70s like bacterial cells

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26
Q

what are the polysaccharides that are enclosed in a sac or vacuoles

A

inclusion body

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26
Q

what are the free floating polysaccharides found in most bacterial cells called?

A

granules

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27
Q

bacteria store lipids as what

A

poly-b-hydroxybutyric acid

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27
Q

if the polysaccharides are enclosed in a sac or vacuole in the bacterial cell, what are they called ?

A

inclusion body

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28
Q

corynebacterium diptheriae bacteria have red/blue phosphate granules known as

A

metachromatic granules

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28
Q

bacteria have lipids that they store in inclusion bodies, what is it called

A

poly-b-hydroxybutyric acid

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29
Q

what bacteria has metachromatic granules

A

Corynebacterium diptheriae

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29
Q

what are the inclusion bodies made up of iron oxide and what are they used for

A

they are called magnetosomes and they are used to navigate their environment.

30
Q

these inclusions are iron oxide and used to navigate their environment

A

magnetosomes

30
Q

their is only one species of bacteria that have metachromatic granules what is the species?

A

Corynebacterium dipteriae

31
Q

these inclusions have CO2 inside of their vesicle, used for buoyancy

A

gas inclusions

31
Q

the species Corynebacterium diptheriae what red/blue phosphates granules called

A

metachromatic granules

32
Q

there are 2 gram + bacteria that can produce endospores what are they

A

bacillus and Clostridium

33
Q

where do endospores live

A

in the soil`

34
Q

what is known to kill an endospore

A

an autoclave

35
Q

when the endospore is at the end of the bacteria what is the location known as

A

terminal

36
Q

when the endospore is near the end of the bacteria what is the location known as

A

subterminal

37
Q

when the endospore is in the middle of the bacteria what is the location known as

A

central

38
Q

what is the name of the genius of bacteria that causes gas gangrene?

A

Clostridium

39
Q

what is the name of the genius of bacteria that causes botulism

A

clostridium

40
Q

what is the name of the free living bacteria that is a blue/green autotroph:

A

cyanobacteria

41
Q

what is the most dominant organism on earth

A

cyanobacteria

42
Q

what is the ability of the cyanobacteria to change N2 into a usable form

A

nitrogen fixation

43
Q

what does the nitrogen fixer change N2 into?

A

nitrates

44
Q

what give the cyanobacteria their blue color?

A

the phycocyanin

45
Q

what gives the cyanobacteria its green color?

A

the chlorophyll a & b

46
Q

where are cyanobacteria found

A

in water and on land

47
Q

what free living bacteria are autotrophs

A

cyanobacteria and green and purple sulfur bacteria

48
Q

which free living non pathogenic bacteria is a heterotroph

A

the gliding and fruiting bacteria

49
Q

what is an example of the gliding and fruiting bacteria

A

the myxobacteria

50
Q

these form of free living non pathogenic bacteria aggregate and move toward the other bacteria to kill it like a wolf pack, what are they

A

gliding and fruiting bacteria

51
Q

how do the gliding and fruiting bacteria move

A

they glide over the moist surfaces with fibers under the outer membrane, they have protein filaments in their cell walls

52
Q

what is the name of the theory of how the prokaryotic cells developed into eukaryotic cells

A

the endosymbiotic theory

53
Q

according to the endosymbiotic theory, how did the prokaryotic cell develop a nucleus

A

its membrane enfolded and surrounded the DNA

54
Q

according to the endosymbiotic theory, how did the eukaryotic cell develop its membrane bound organelles

A

it engulfed a smaller prokaryotic cell and this became the mitochondria.

55
Q

what is the measurement of the ribosomes in the mitochondria

A

70s

56
Q

according to the endosymbiotic theory, how did the autotroph form

A

the eukaryotic cell engulfed a prokaryotic autotroph and it became a chloroplast

57
Q

what is the measurement of the ribosomes in a chloroplast?

A

70s

58
Q

name the obligate intracellular parasites that is a gram negative bacteria

A

rickettsia

59
Q

what disease does the genus rickettsia cause

A

rocky mountain spotted fever and typhus

60
Q

name an obligate intracellular parasite that cannot live outside of the host cell, that is found in wild animals

A

rickettsia

61
Q

name the obligate intracellular parasite, that is not transmitted by an arthropod and causes an STI or eye infection

A

chlamydia trachomatis

62
Q

how is the cell wall different in the archaea and bacteria

A

there is no peptidoglycan in the archaea walls

63
Q

where do the archaea live

A

in extreme locations

64
Q

how does the genetic sequences differ from the bacteria and the archaea

A

the archaea have 3 and the bacteria have 1

65
Q

when the virus attaches itself to the host cell by specific binding of its spikes to the cells receptors, this is known as

A

adsorption or attraction attachment

66
Q

when the virus is engulfed by the cell membrane into a vesicle and is transported internally ( the cell brings it into itself) this is known as

A

penetration or receptor mediated endocytosis

67
Q

when the virus removes its coating inside of the cell and releases its RNA into the cytoplasm this is known as

A

uncoating

68
Q

replication and protein production in the nucleus and capsid replication is known as

A

synthesis

69
Q

when the virus buds off or it goes through exocytosis, this phase is known as

A

release

70
Q

when a bacteriophase attaches to the bacteria and injects its DNA this is known as

A

penetration

71
Q

what is the difference in the adsorption process between a virus and a bacteriophage

A

in the regular virus it is attraction attachment and in the bacteriophage it is injection of the DNA. the bacteria does not bring the virus into it like a regular animal cell.

72
Q

what is the name of the nonliving particles that are smaller than a virus?

A

prions

73
Q

what is the misfolded proteins, that contain no nucleic acids

A

prions

74
Q

what is the transmissible spongiform encephalopathies caused by

A

prions

75
Q

what is the disease caused by prions in sheep called

A

scrapies

76
Q

what is the disease caused by prions in cows

A

bovine spongiform encephalopathies

77
Q

what is the prion disease called in humans

A

creutzfield-jakob syndrome

78
Q

what is the name of the satellite virus that replicates only when the cells are infected with adenovirus

A

adeno-associated virus

79
Q

what is the name of the naked strand of RNA that in the presents of hepatitis B virus it will develop into hepatitis D

A

delta agent

80
Q

what is the name of the short pieces of RNA that have no protein coat and have only been identified in plants

A

viroids

81
Q

what is the name of a virus that is dependent on the presence of other viruses for replication

A

a satellite virus

Microbiology lecture (12 decks)

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