microbiology quiz 3-24-15 Flashcards
what is all chemical activity inside of an organism called
metabolism
the reactions that are building reactions, small molecules building into larger molecules, which results in the formation of cell structures.
anabolism
the reactions that are taking larger molecules and breaking them down to produce smaller molecules, usually with the release of energy
catabolism
what type of reaction produces energy but needs water
hydrolysis reactions
what type of reaction produces energy as its leaving the cell.
exergonic reactions
what is a chemical that increases the rate f a chemical reaction, without becoming part of the products or being consumed in the reaction
catalysts
what is the end product of catabolism
carbon dioxide and water
the resistance to a reaction, which must be overcome for a reaction to proceed is measureable and is called
energy of activation
name a method that can overcome the energy of activation
- increasing the thermal energy( heating)
- increasing the concentration of reactants to increase the rate of molecular collisions
- adding a catalyst
what is the specific molecule upon which an enzyme acts is known as the
substrate
an enzyme that is a combination of an apoenzyme and a cofactor is called a
holoenzyme
true of false
an enzyme is changed after the reaction
false
true of false
an enzyme can be reused after each reaction
true
an enzyme can be simple or conjucated. what is a conjucated enzyme also known as
holoenzyme
what is the 3 dimensional protein part of the enzyme called
the apoenzyme
what is the non protein part of the enzyme called
the cofactor
true or false
the cofactor can be organic or inorganic
true
name an inorganic cofactor
iron, copper, nickel, magnesium
what is the name given to organic cofactors
coenzymes
what is the biological catalyst that increases the rate of a chemical reaction by lowering the energy of activation
enzymes
name an organic cofactor (coenzyme)
vitamins, b1, niacin, folic, biotin, b12, b6, vitamin C etc..
the area where the cofactor attaches to the apoenzyme is called the
active site
these enzymes are created in the cell then transported extracellularly where they break down large food molecules or harmful chemicals
exoenzymes
these enzymes are retained in the cell and function inside it, most enzymes are this type
endoenzymes
this type of enzyme is always producing the same amount regardless of the amount of substrate present
constitutive enzymes
this type of enzyme is not constantly present, the production is turned on and turned off in response to changes in the substrate concentrations
regulated enzymes
when enzymes are weakend and are unable to maintain their shape, they are sensitive to temperature, pH this is known as
denature
if a similar shaped molecule competes with the substrate binds to the active site and prevents the E+S complex
competitive inhibition
there is a chemical that binds to the enzyme, but not the active site and this inadvertently changes the shape of the active site
noncompetitive inhibition
what is the site called that the chemical binds to that is not the active site
regulatory site
name the metabolic pathway that has 10 reactions, and no oxygen is required, 1 glucose molecule and 2 ATP
Embden Meyerhof pathway
name the metabolic pathway that glycogen is broken down, held together by strong covalent bonds, this represents stored energy, when the bond is broken energy is released
Carbohydrate Catabolism
the energy molecules that is available to the cells
ATP - adenosine triphosphate
