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7 Reviewer A + Reviewer B Veterinary Microbiology > Microbiology B (Food hygiene) > Flashcards

Microbiology B (Food hygiene) Flashcards

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1
Q

Meat Inspection Code of the Philippines
a. RA 10611
b. RA 9296 (amended by RA 10536)
c. DA AO no. 28, s. of 2005
d. RA 7394

A

RA 9296 (amended by RA 10536)

-RA 10611 - Food Safety Act of 2013
-DA AO no. 28, s. of 2005 - Implementing Rules and Regulations of RA 9296
-RA 7394 - Consumer Act of the Philippines

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2
Q

In 2013, RA 10536 amended RA 9296. Which of the following was added to Section 4, definition of terms?
a.Adulterated
b.Fit for human consumption
c.Hot meat
d.Official Device

A

Hot meat

The carcass or parts of carcass or food animals which were slaughtered from unregistered/unaccredited meat establishments and have not undergone the required inspection.

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3
Q

Double-dead is a Filipino appellation of meat obtained from a diseased animal or of an animal which has died other than slaughter. The Meat Inspection Code properly refers to this as:
a.Adulterated
b. Hot meat
c. Condemned
d. Misbranded

A

Adulterated

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4
Q

Responsible authority for the assurance of safety of processed and pre-packaged food products, whether locally produced or imported, including MEAT products.
a. DA – National Meat Inspection Service
b. DOH – Food and Drug Administration
c. DA – Bureau of Animal Industry
d. DA – National Food Authority

A

DOH – Food and Drug Administration

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5
Q

Regarding the hygienic handling of newly slaughtered meat in meat markets, which of the following is true?
a. Transport vehicles must be accredited, clean, regularly disinfected, and may be used to transport live animals if necessary
b. Meat shall be hung on rails or racks. Smaller meat cuts and edible offal not
hung may be placed together in containers.
c. Newly slaughtered meat can be mixed with chilled, frozen, and thawed meat during display to maintain uniform temperature
d. Transport vehicle should not carry tires, personal effects, and other materials that would contaminate the meat.

A

Transport vehicle should not carry tires, personal effects, and other materials that would contaminate the meat.

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6
Q

Test to determine perfect carcass bleeding:
a.Wode’s test
b.Six-plate test
c.Malachite Green Test
d.Carotene Test

A

Malachite Green Test

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7
Q

Active and invasive form of Entamoeba histolytica, the cause of intestinal amoebiasis.
a.Precystic form
b.Cyst Form
c.Trophozoite stage
d.Both cyst and trophozoite stage

A

Trophozoite stage

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8
Q

What distinguishes dysentery from regular diarrhea?
a. Dysentery is characterized by frequent, watery stools, while diarrhea is typically more solid.
b. Dysentery involves the presence of blood and mucus in the stool, whereas diarrhea does not necessarily contain blood
c. Dysentery is caused by parasitic infections, while diarrhea is caused by bacterial infections
d. Dysentery occurs primarily in the elderly, while diarrhea affects all age groups equally.

A

Dysentery involves the presence of blood and mucus in the stool, whereas diarrhea does not necessarily contain blood

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9
Q

What is the primary toxin responsible for Paralytic Shellfish Poisoning (PSP)?
a. Saxitoxin
b. Tetrodotoxin
c. Ciguatoxin
d. Domoic acid

A

Saxitoxin

Tetrodotoxin - Puffer Fish Poisoning:similar signs to those described for paralytic shellfish poisoning
Ciguatoxin - Ciguatera:Notable sign is temperature sensation reversal
Domoic acid - Amnesic Shellfish Poisoning (PSP):Short-term memory loss is the most persistent symptom

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10
Q

Which of the following is NOT a key component affecting animal welfare in the slaughterhouse?
a. Competence of the personnel handling the animals
b. Availability of high-quality feed and water during transportation
c. Design of premises or facilities to minimize stress
d. Proper use of tools that are fit for purpose

A

Availability of high-quality feed and water during transportation

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11
Q

According to WOAH’s Terrestrial Animal Health Code, compatible groups should be selected before transport to avoid adverse animal welfare consequences. Which of the following is NOT recommended?
a.Animals reared together should be maintained as a group
b.Animals with horns or antlers should not be mixed with animals lacking horns or antlers unless judged to be compatible
c. Combining young animals with older animals to foster social learning and adaptability
d.Animals of different species should not be mixed unless they are judged to be compatible

A

Combining young animals with older animals to foster social learning and adaptability

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12
Q

What is the recommended procedure for handling a fetus in the uterus post-slaughter of pregnant animals?
a.The fetus should be euthanized immediately
b.The fetus should be left undisturbed in utero for at least 30 minutes
c. The fetus should be removed from the uterus and left to breathe
d.Pregnant animals, no matter the stage of gestation, should neither be transported nor slaughtered.

A

The fetus should be left undisturbed in utero for at least 30 minutes

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13
Q

Which of the following is a primary cause of Pale Soft Exudative (PSE) pork?
a. Rapid decline in pH (reaching 5.5 within 30-60 mins) due to Lactic acid accumulation and failure to chill meat rapidly
b. Insufficient feed intake and poor nutrition during the growth period
c. Infection with specific bacterial pathogens causing discoloration and
texture changes in the meat
d. Inadequate aging of pork

A

Rapid decline in pH (reaching 5.5 within 30-60 mins) due to Lactic acid accumulation and failure to chill meat rapidly

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14
Q

Which anaerobic bacteria is primarily associated for causing bone taint in meat?
a. Salmonella
b. E. coli 0157:H7
c. Clostridia
d. Listeria monocytogenes

A

Clostridia

May cause deep tissue spoilage

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15
Q

What is the direct physiological cause of muscle stiffness known as rigor mortis in food animals?
a. The accumulation of lactic acid in muscle tissue post-mortem causes a
decrease in muscle pH, which contributes to the muscle stiffness.
b. The presence of high levels of glycogen in muscle tissue leads to
increased muscle stiffness due to excessive energy reserves
c. The depletion of ATP in muscle cells after death leads to the irreversible binding of actin and myosin filaments, resulting in muscle stiffness
d. The action of digestive enzymes breaking down muscle proteins after
death results in the muscle stiffness observed in rigor mortis

A

The depletion of ATP in muscle cells after death leads to the irreversible binding of actin and myosin filaments, resulting in muscle stiffness

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16
Q

Which preservation method involves removing moisture from meat through sublimation to extend shelf life while maintaining its nutritional value and
flavor?
a. Salting
b. Lyophilization
c. Chemical curing
d. Smoking

A

Lyophilization

Or freeze-drying, is a preservation process that removes moisture from meat by first freezing it and then sublimating the ice under a vacuum.

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17
Q

Which of the following is a common ante-mortem sign of pleuritis in animals?
a. Fever is always present
b. Abducted elbows
c. Purulent or fibrous exudate in pleural cavity
d. Carcass condemnation

A

Abducted elbows

This posture is an attempt to relieve the pressure and reduce the pain while breathing, as the abducted position may help minimize the movement of the chest and ribs, reducing the discomfort associated with the inflamed pleura

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18
Q

Chair of the Inter-agency Committee of the National Veterinary Drug Residues Control Program (AO 14 s. 2006)
a.Executive Director, National Meat Inspection Service
b.Director, Bureau of Animal Industry
c. President, Philippine Veterinary Medical Association
d.Undersecretary for Livestock and Fisheries

A

Undersecretary for Livestock and Fisheries

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19
Q

Which of the following is a banned β-agonist in food-producing animals due to its potential for inducing serious residual effects and posing health risks to humans through food consumption?
a.Clenbuterol
b.Chloramphenicol
c.Carbadox
d.Nitrofurans

A

Clenbuterol

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20
Q

Which of the following statements accurately describes ketosis in dairy cows?
a.Overproduction of milk leading to low calcium levels in the blood.
b.Metabolic disorder resulting from the excessive breakdown of fatty acids
c. Characterized by an excess of glucose in the blood due to improper insulin regulation
d.Condition where there is an overgrowth of bacteria in the rumen leading to acute digestive disturbances

A

Metabolic disorder resulting from the excessive breakdown of fatty acids

a. Hypocalcemia
c. Hyperglycemia
d. Rumen acidosis

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21
Q

Which of the following sources is most likely to cause plumbism rather than mercury poisoning in cattle?
a.Contaminated fish or seafood
b.Mining waste or industrial effluents
c. High levels in soil
d.Batteries or old paint

A

Batteries or old paint

22
Q

Viral enteritis in poultry in poultry is associated with the following diseases:
a.Turkey Coronavirus (TCV) Enteritis
b.Rotavirus Infections
c.Enteric Parvovirus Infections of Chickens:
d.All of the above

A

All of the above

23
Q

Out of the choices, this animal is the most susceptible to nitrate toxicosis.
a.Goat
b.Dog
c. Cat
d.Chicken

A

Goat

24
Q

Refers to globally recognized set of procedures and standards for protecting the production, manufacturing, and distribution of food from contaminants and other hazards that are present in
the food production process. It is mandatory for all NMIS accredited “AAA” meat establishments.
a.Good manufacturing process (GMP)
b.Sanitation Standard Operating Procedures (SSOP)
c. Hazard Analysis Critical Control Point (HACCP)
d.Water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH)

A

Hazard Analysis Critical Control Point (HACCP)

25
Q

Which is not included in the minimum postmortem inspection requirements for animals?
a.Tongue
b. Ingesta
c. Lymph nodes
d.Spleen

A

Ingesta

26
Q

The Veterinary Health Certificate (VHC) shall be valid for a maximum of:
a.24 hours
b.3 days, to start counting the following day after its issuance date including Saturdays and Sundays, but not Holidays
c. 3 days, to start counting immediately on the issuance date including Saturdays, Sundays, and Holidays
d.3 days, to start counting the following day after its issuance date including Saturdays, Sundays, and Holidays

A

3 days, to start counting the following day after its issuance date including Saturdays, Sundays, and Holidays

27
Q

Who is responsible for providing facilities that allow efficient ante-mortem inspection of food animals?
a.The inspection officer
b.The establishment operator
c. The livestock raiser/trader
d.NMIS

A

The establishment operator

28
Q

These are slaughterhouses, meat processing plants, poultry dressing plants, meat cutting plants and cold storages that are allowed to operate by the city/municipal government but are not accredited by the NMIS
a.“A” meat establishment
b.“AA Intra” meat establishment
c. Locally-registered meat establishments (LRMEs)
d.No meat establishments are allowed to operate without NMIS accreditation

A

Locally-registered meat establishments (LRMEs)

29
Q

During an ante-mortem inspection at a slaughterhouse, which scenario is most likely to be a significant concern that warrants further investigation?
a.A cow with a slightly abnormal posture but normal appetite and alert behavior.
b.A pig showing signs of moderate respiratory distress, accompanied
by high fever and visible skin lesions.
c. A goat with a minor but persistent limp and normal feeding behavior.
d.A chicken with extensive external abscesses visible on the carcass

A

A pig showing signs of moderate respiratory distress, accompanied
by high fever and visible skin lesions.

30
Q

How does the One Health approach contribute to managing African Swine Fever (ASF)?
a.By integrating veterinary, environmental, educational, and
agricultural sectors to control ASF outbreaks and mitigate their impact on both the swine industry and the broader ecosystem.
b. Use of antibiotics on pig farms to control secondary infections
c. By focusing solely on the development of new and effective vaccines for ASF
d.ASF is non-zoonotic so the One Health Approach does not apply.

A

By integrating veterinary, environmental, educational, and agricultural sectors to control ASF outbreaks and mitigate their
impact on both the swine industry and the broader ecosystem.

31
Q

Maximum product temperature for chilled meat in degree celsius.
a. 0
b. 4
c. 5
d. 10

A

10

0-10 = Chilled meat
-18 - 0 = Frozen meat
0- 5 = Thawed meat

32
Q

Which of the following would NOT classify a meat product as adulterated?
a.Passed expiry date
b.Offered for sale under the name of another meat or meat product
c. Contains a color additive
d. Its container is composed of a poisonous substance

A

Offered for sale under the name of another meat or meat product

33
Q

Any part of an animal’s carcass unless it has been denatured, specifically identified to deter its use as human food according to regulatory requirements (prescribed by the Secretary) or is naturally inedible by humans.
a.Fit for Human Consumption
b. Capable of Use as Human Food
c. Prepared
d.Safe and Wholesome

A

Capable of Use as Human Food

34
Q

The syndrome of this poisoning is resembling an allergic reaction.
a.Salmonella poisoning
b.Scombroid poisoning
c. Copper poisoning
d. Cassava poisoning

A

Scombroid poisoning

35
Q

Which of the following is least recommended for diagnosing porcine cysticercosis?
a. CT Scan
b.Tongue Palpation
c. Heart Dissection
d.PCR

A

CT Scan

36
Q

This organism can grow in the presence of high salt concentrations
a.Salmonella typhi
b. Claviceps purpurea
c. Bacillus cereus
d.Staphylococcus aureus

A

Staphylococcus aureus

37
Q

Peripheral eosinophilia and megaloblastic anemia along with vitamin B12 deficiency are characteristic lesions of what disease?
a. Salmonellosis
b. Parasitism with Diphyllobothrium
c. Botulism
d. Ergotism

A

Parasitism with Diphyllobothrium

38
Q

Ergotism in human is also known as?
a. St. Anthony’s fire
b. St. Elmo’s fire
c. Black Death Syndrome
b. St. Nicholas’ snow

A

St. Anthony’s fire

39
Q

This animal was removed in Section 6 after the amendment of RA 8485 by RA 10631:
a. Horse
b. Rabbit
c. Deer
b. Carabao

A

Deer

40
Q

When soluble oxalate salts are absorbed from the gastrointestinal
tract, they bind with:
a. Hemoglobin
b. Iron
c. Calcium
d. Magnesium

A

Calcium

41
Q

Instrument allowed for moving slaughter animals
a. Pig board
b. Cane
c. Ropes
d. Hard plastic hose

A

Pig board

For blocking

42
Q

Which of the following statements is true about the Carotene Test?
a. The Carotene Test relies on the presence of carotene to determine the
meat’s fat content.
b. Carabao meat generally has a higher carotene content than beef, resulting in a more intense orange or yellow color in the test.
c. The Carotene Test can differentiate between poultry and beef based on the carotene content.
d. The test is used to measure the protein content of the meat.

A

Carabao meat generally has a higher carotene content than beef, resulting in a more intense orange or yellow color in the test.

43
Q

When setting the ADI and MRL for an antimicrobial agent, the evaluation should also include:
a. The potential biological effects on the intestinal flora of humans
b. The antimicrobial agent’s cost and availability
c. The length of the withdrawal period
d. The brand name of the antimicrobial agent

A

The potential biological effects on the intestinal flora of humans

44
Q

Minimum withdrawal period for Oxytetracycline in milk
a. 24 hours
b. 3 days
c. 7 days
d. 21 days

A

3 days

45
Q

Before the first birds are transported to the slaughterhouse, when should poultry flocks be sampled for Salmonella surveillance?
a.As early as possible before transport
b.As late as possible before transport
c. Poultry houses are tested, not flocks
d.Sampling and testing is not necessary

A

As late as possible before transport

46
Q

The only currently available vaccine against M. bovis infections.
a.AVAC
b.BIOVAC HS
c. CDT
d.Bacille-Calmette-Guerin (BCG)

A

Bacille-Calmette-Guerin (BCG)

47
Q

In detection of Trichinella infections in pigs, the most recommended method by WOAH to confirm positive cases is:
a.Artificial digestion
b.PCR
c. ELISA
d.Western blot

A

Artificial digestion

48
Q

Test used to detect Rice Wash in milk
a. Wode’s test
b. Hehner Test
c. Iodine Test
d. Resorcinol Test

A

Iodine Test

49
Q

Which stable carbon isotope is most commonly analysed to determine the authenticity of honey and detect potential adulteration with syrups?
a. Carbon-12
b. Carbon-13
c. Carbon-14
d. Carbon-15

A

Carbon-13

50
Q

This method is considered unacceptable for stunning and killing reptiles for meat
a.Penetrative Captive bolt
b.Gunshot
c. Pithing
d. Inhalation of Carbon Dioxide (CO2)

A

Inhalation of Carbon Dioxide (CO2)

7 Reviewer A + Reviewer B Veterinary Microbiology (18 decks)

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