Microbiology Flashcards
Microorganisms?
Microorganisms?
.Are too small to be seen with the naked eye and include bacteria, viruses, fungi, algae and protozoa.
.Most are non pathogenic and are essential for life e.g. in the breakdown and decay of dead matter.
Pathogenic organism?
Pathogenic organism?
.Before the symptoms of a disease develops, a pathogenic organism must invade the host, establish itself in the tissues and overcome the host’s defence mechanism.
Pathogen?
Pathogen?
.Organisms that cause disease.
Infection?
Infection?
.Is the invasion and multiplication of microorganisms in the body tissues and may lead to cellular damage.
Canine bacterial diseases?
Canine bacterial diseases?
.Salmonella .Kennel cough
.Leptospirosis .Pyoderma
.Tetanus
Penicillin?
Penicillin?
.Disrupts the synthesis of new bacteria cell walls during binary fission and burst or lyses the pathogen.
Spores?
Spores?
.Can survive extreme heat, pH, desiccation, ultraviolet radiation and exposure to toxic chemicals.
Septicaemia?
Septicaemia?
.The presence of multiplying pathogens such as bacteria and their toxins in the blood leading to systemic disease.
Epidemic?
Epidemic?
.An animal disease
Endemic?
Endemic?
.Animal disease
Pandemic?
Pandemic?
.An epidemic which occurs all over the world.
Anthroponosis?
Anthroponosis?
.A disease which can be passed from human to animal.
Commensals?
Commensals?
.Live on or in the animal and do not normally cause disease.
Obligate pathogens?
Obligate pathogens?
.Will always cause disease.
Facultative pathogens?
Facultative pathogens?
.Become pathogenic within the immunosuppressed animals.
Saprophytic bacteria?
Saprophytic bacteria?
.Will only replicate on dead tissue.
Symbionts or mutualistic bacteria?
Symbionts or mutualistic bacteria?
.Organisms that both provide a benefit to the host and derive a benefit for themselves.
Antiseptics?
Antiseptics?
.Are disinfectants designed for the skin.
Halogens (hypochlorites)?
Halogens (hypochlorites)?
.Are used for viral infections.
K9 parvovirus?
K9 parvovirus?
.Very infectious and is spread through faeces.
.Symptoms - vomiting, anorexia, diarrhea.
K9 distemper?
K9 distemper?
.Transmitted through aerosol and ingestion.
.Symptoms - pyrexia, nasal discharge, coughing, vomiting and diarrhea.
.Vaccination
K9 Leptospirosis?
K9 Leptospirosis?
.Transmitted through water.
.Symptoms - pyrexia, vomiting, shock and hepatitis.
K9 hepatitis?
K9 hepatitis?
.Transmitted through faeces, urine, saliva and fomites.
.Symptoms - anorexia, pyrexia, vomiting, diarrhea and conjunctivitis.
.Death can occur within 24hrs.
.Have a vaccination.
Kennel cough?
Kennel cough?
.Many pathogens can cause it. Transmitted through aerosol droplets.
.Symptoms - dry hacking cough
Lyme disease?
Lyme disease?
.Transmitted through ticks (vector).
.Symptoms - lameness, pyrexia and lethargy.
.Transmission does not begin until 36 - 48.
Rabies?
Rabies?
.Transmitted through saliva within a wound.
.Symptoms - neurological (nervous system), aggressiveness, confusion, seizures and death.
Salmonellosis?
Salmonellosis?
.Transmitted through raw and uncooked meat.
.Symptoms - drooling saliva, pyrexia, abdominal pain.
FL upper respiratory tract disease (FURTD) (cat flu)?
FL upper respiratory tract disease (FURTD) (cat flu)?
.Transmitted through aerosol droplets.
.Symptoms - sneezing, oral ulceration, pyrexia and occasional lameness.
.Vaccination
Chlamydiosis (chlamydia)?
Chlamydiosis (chlamydia)?
.Transmitted through ocular discharge.
Symptoms - conjunctivitis and rhinitis
.Vaccination
FL infectious anaemia (FIA)?
FL infectious anaemia (FIA)?
.Transmitted through fleas.
.Symptoms - lethargy, anorexia, pale mucous membranes.
FL infectious peritonitis (FIP)?
FL infectious peritonitis (FIP)?
.Transmitted through intrauterine.
.Symptoms - ascites, dyspnoea, pyrexia.
FL leukaemia virus (FeLv)?
FL leukaemia virus (FeLv)?
.Transmitted through placenta, milk and saliva.
.Symptoms asymptomatic for years.
.Vaccination
FL immunodeficiency virus (FIV)?
FL immunodeficiency virus (FIV)?
.Transmitted through bite wounds.
.Symptoms - pyrexia, weight loss, neurological signs, diarrhea and respiratory infection.
Toxoplasmosis (gondii)?
Toxoplasmosis (gondii)?
.Transmitted through faeces, raw meat.
.Symptoms - Diarrhea, lethargy
Rabbit Respiratory disease?
Rabbit Respiratory disease?
.Transmitted through direct and indirect contact.
.Symptoms - nasal discharge, abscess in the chest.
Myxomatosis?
Myxomatosis?
.Is a fatal disease transmitted through biting by mosquitos, flies, fleas and direct contact.
.Symptoms - conjunctivitis, anorexia and pyrexia.
Viral haemorrhagic disease (VHD) (RHD)?
Viral haemorrhagic disease (VHD) (RHD)?
.Transmitted through aerosol, fomites.
.Symptoms - dyspnoea, tachycardia, orthopnoea, blood nasal discharge.
.Fatal
Encephalitozoon cuniculi?
Encephalitozoon cuniculi?
.Transmitted through urine, foetuses transplacental route.
.Symptoms - renal disease, ataxia, weight loss, polyuria and polydipsia.
Spleen and thymus gland?
Spleen and thymus gland?
.Filter bacteria and other foreign substances into the lymph nodes and for producing lymphocytes to combat infection.
The inflammatory response?
The inflammatory response?
.When the body is damaged e.g. by wound or infection, it responds by releasing histamine.
.Histamine causes vasodilation of blood capillaries, increasing the blood supply to the area and becomes reddened.
Acquired immunity?
Acquired immunity?
.After birth and continues throughout life.
.Antibodies are produced in lymphocytes in response to the animal actually having the disease in the past.
Neonates?
Neonates?
.Can’t produce it’s own antibodies yet.
.Gets antibodies from their mother e.g. colostrum/milk for 8 - 12 weeks and must be consumed within hours of birth.
.If vaccination is given too early the maternal antibodies will destroy the vaccine. If too late the animal will be at risk of disease.
.First vaccine at about 8 weeks old.
Immune response time (booster vaccine)?
Immune response time (Booster vaccine)?
.After having had the disease the immune system has the memory of the first response and is able to produce the antibodies within 24 hours (faster than last time).
.This response is 10 - 50 times greater than the first response and is the reason for booster vaccinations.
