Dentistry

Question 1

Dental disease?

Answer 1

Dental disease?

.Begins with the accumulation of an invisible substance, called pellicle on the surface of the tooth and is formed from proteins found within saliva.

.Gingivitis & periodontitis

Question 2

Gingivitis?

Answer 2

Gingivitis?

.Toxins from the bacteria in plaque, aided by the irritation caused by the tartar results in gingivitis.

.Signs - sore, red, inflamed gums that bleed and if not treated periodontitis can develop.

.Reversible

Question 3

Periodontitis?

Answer 3

Periodontitis?

.Causes the supporting structure of the tooth (the periodontal ligament) to become damaged and destroyed leading to inflammation of the periodontal tissues loosening the tooth and finally falls out.

.Use radiography to see the extent and type of alveolar bone destruction.

.Irreversible

Question 4

Halitosis?

Answer 4

Halitosis?

.Oral malodour

Question 5

Periodontal therapy?

Answer 5

Periodontal therapy?

.Includes scaling, root planning and crown polishing.

Question 6

Scaling?

Answer 6

Scaling?

.Process whereby dental deposits e.g. plaque, calculus are removed from the supra- and subginival surfaces of the teeth.

.Will cause minor scarring of the teeth.

Question 7

Bulky supragingival deposits?

Answer 7

Bulky supragingival deposits?

.Use hand instrument to remove large bits first before using powered ones.

Question 8

Scalers and curettes?

Answer 8

Scalers and curettes?

.Used to remove dental deposits from tooth surfaces.

.Scaler - a blade with a pointed tip and is used to remove supragingival calculus.

.Curette - a blade that ends with a rounded toe. Used to remove subgingival deposits and for root planning.

Question 9

Supragingival?

Answer 9

Supragingival?

.Above the gingiva plaque (along gumline)

Question 10

Subgingival?

Answer 10

Subgingival?

.Below the gingiva plaque.

Question 11

Calculus/ tartar?

Answer 11

Calculus/ tartar?

.The hardened product of minerals from saliva and food that accumulates in plaque around the tooth.

Question 12

Polishing?

Answer 12

Polishing?

.Removes remaining plaque and restores the scaled tooth surface to smoothness.

.Performed by applying a mildly abrasive prophylaxis paste to the tooth with a prophylaxis cup/ brush mounted in a slowly rotating slow speed hand piece running less than 5000rpm

.Prophylaxis cup/ brush - keep moving over the entire tooth surface for a few seconds per tooth.

.Plaque disclosing solution - use after polishing to see if teeth are completely clean.

Question 13

Plaque?

Answer 13

Plaque?

.A semi hardened accumulation of substances from fluid that bathe an area and can be removed by tooth brushing and if left hardens into calculus/ tartar.

Question 14

Elevators, luxators and extraktors?

Answer 14

Luxators, elevators and extraktors?

.Used to cut/ breakdown the periodontal ligament, which holds the tooth in the alveolus (tooth socket).

.Elevators - used to break down the periodontal ligament.

.Luxators - very thin end and used to cut the ligament.

.Extraktor - can breakdown and cut the periodontal ligament instead of using elevators and luxators.

Question 15

Removing a tooth?

Answer 15

Removing a tooth?

.If you cannot remove it with your fingers then the periodontal ligament has not been adequately broken down

Question 16

Sharpen elevators, luxators and extraktors with?

Answer 16

Sharpen elevators, luxators and extrakors with?

.Elevator & luxator - cylindrical Arkansas stone with some water on.

Extraktor - with a extraktor stone or flat stone.

Question 17

Mouth gags?

Answer 17

Mouth gags?

.Release every 10-15 mins to close the jaw and keep a record of the times.

Question 18

During dental surgery?

Answer 18

During dental surgery?

.Check vital signs every 5 mins and temp every 5-10 mins

.Towards the end lighten the anaesthesia

Question 19

Dental post op?

Answer 19

Dental post op?

.Offer food as early as possible & drink

Question 20

Oropharynx?

Answer 20

Oropharynx?

.Soft palate, palatoglossal arch, tonsillary crypts, tonsils and fauces.

Question 21

Sulcus?

Answer 21

Sulcus?

.Area of potential space between a tooth and the surrounding gingival tissue and is lined by sulcular epithelium.

Question 22

Gingival recession?

Answer 22

Gingival recession?

.Distance in (mm) from the cemento-enamel junction to the free gingival margin.

Question 23

Supragingival scaling steps?

Answer 23

Supragingival scaling steps?

1) remove gross dental deposits using rongeurs, extraction forceps or calculus removing forceps.
2) remove residual supragingival dental deposits with sharp hand instrument, either a sickle shaped scaler or a curette.
3) a mechanical scaler, either ultrasonic or sonic is then used to remove residual dental deposits.

Question 24

Over heating teeth?

Answer 24

Over heating teeth?

.Will cause desiccation of the dentine and consequently damage to the underlying pulp tissue.

Question 25

Ultrasonic or sonic scaler?

Answer 25

Ultrasonic or sonic scaler?

.Use gently stroking the tooth with the side of the tip and with continuous movement over the tooth surface.

.Water supply - cools the oscillating tip and flushes away debris

.Max 15 seconds on one tooth & return after a few more if not clean if using mechanical scaler.

Question 26

Furcation involvement?

Answer 26

Furcation involvement?

.Bone between the roots of multi-rooted teeth is destroyed by periodontitis.

Question 27

Root planning?

Answer 27

Root planning?

.Removal of the superficial layer of toxinladen cementum from the root surfaces and produces a smooth root surface that is less likely to accumulate plaque

Question 28

Sulcular lavage?

Answer 28

Sulcular lavage?

.Flushing the gingival sulcus and pathological pockets with saline or dilute chlorhexidine to remove any free-floating debris.

Question 29

Dental plaque causes?

Answer 29

Dental plaque causes?

.Discomfort

.Pain

.Chronic focus of infection

.Loss of teeth

.Possibility of systemic complications

Question 30

Teeth brushing?

Answer 30

Teeth brushing?

.Most effective way of removing plaque