Medical Conditions Flashcards by Julie Jackson

Neoplasia?

.New uncontrolled growth of cells that is not under physiologic control e.g. growth or enlargement (tumour).

.Either benign or malignant.

.Chemotherapy, giving cytotoxic drugs in cats & dogs. They destroy rapidly dividing neoplastic cells or inhibit their growth.

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Coughing reasons?

.Heart failure .Airway obstruction

.Laryngeal paralysis

.Kennel cough .Feline asthma

.Tracheal collapse .Allergies

.Aspiration pneumonia

.Bronchitis .Pulmonary oedema

.Lungworm .Respiratory neoplasia

.Tuberculosis

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Dyspnoea?

.Airway obstruction

.Laryngeal paralysis

.Tracheal collapse .Feline asthma

.Pulmonary oedema

.Pulmonary neoplasia

.Pneumonia .Brachycephalic breeds

.Heart failure .Smoke inhalation

.Poisoning .Pain

.Thoracic injury .Diaphragmic hernia

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Epitaxis?

.Haemorrhage from the nose (nose bleed).

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Doliocephalic?

.Long nosed breeds

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Coupage?

.Used to loosen mucus in the lungs, which is then coughed up by the animal.

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Chylothorax?

.Lymphatic fluid leaks into the space between the lung and chest wall (lymphatic flow disorder).

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Pneumothorax?

.Pressure or air in the pleural cavity normally caused by trauma.

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Renal disease?

.Noticed clinically when 75% of the renal tubules are functionally impaired.

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Acute renal failure?

.Can usually be reversed by treating the cause e.g. dehydration.

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Cystitis?

.In cats is caused by stress rather than infection.

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Congenital?

.Present at birth

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Acquired?

.Develop as the animal ages.

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Arrhythmia?

.Abnormal rhythm of the heart.

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Congestive heart failure?

.Both the left & right sides of the heart fail simultaneously.

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Heart failure treatment?

.Digitalis, prazosin, enapril, furosemide, theophylline, pimobendan.

Ascites?

.Build up of fluid in the abdomen.

Oedema?

.Fluid retention in the body (fluids build up inside the body).

.Use furosemide.

Heart murmur?

.A vibration due to the turbulence of blood flow through the cavity of the heart.

.Usually systolic (pulsing).

Anaemia?

.Test PCV & TP together to se if it’s acute or chronic.

Leukaemia?

.Special form of lymphoma in which there is an abnormally high number of WBCs, particularly lymphocytes, in the peripheral circulation

Epilepsy?

.Disorder in which an irritable focus within the brain causes disorganised electrical activity resulting in convulsions and a sudden loss of consciousness.

Status epilepticus?

.Is a series of repeated convulsions without the animal regaining consciousness and is life threatening.

Petit mal?

.Short minor convulsion where slight muscle tremor is noticed but a full convulsion does not take place.

Paralysis?

Paralysis? .Loss of voluntary muscle control resulting in movement loss of the area affected. .Is due to nerve damage and is a result of trauma to the brain or spinal cord.

Paresis?

Paresis? .Muscular weakness

Diabetes mellitus (DM)?

Diabetes mellitus (DM)? .Due to a carbohydrate metabolism problem, blood sugar levels increase as cells do not take up glucose due to an insulin shortage. .The glucose remains in the blood and is eventually excreted in urine.

Hypoglycemia?

Hypoglycemia? .Caused by cats going into remission or an overdose of insulin by injection or not eating and an insalinoma as it secretes too much insulin.

Hyperadrenocorticalism (HAC)?

Hyperadrenocorticalism (HAC)? .High levels of adrenal corticosteroids (Cushing's disease).

Hypoadrenocorticalism?

Hypoadrenocorticalism? .Low levels of adrenal corticosteroids (Addison's disease)

Diabetes insipidus?

Diabetes insipidus? .Failure in production of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) from the posterior pituitary gland or a failure of the kidneys to respond to ADH.

Regurgitation?

Regurgitation? .Return of undigested material from the stomach via the mouth with no abdominal effort.

Vomiting?

Vomiting? .Violent expulsion of stomach contents via the mouth with forceful abdominal effort hours after eating.

Vomiting & diarrhoea cause?

Vomiting & diarrhoea cause? .Dehydration and electrolytes being lost.

Liver disease?

Liver disease? .The liver has a huge capacity for regeneration and a substantial loss of hepatic tissue around 70% is present before signs of disease are seen.

Spleenic disease?

Spleenic disease? .Enlarged spleen

Portosytemic shunt?

Portosytemic shunt? .A vascular abnormality where the hepatic portal vein empties directly into the caudal vena cava, thus bypassing the liver

Prostatic disease?

Prostatic disease? .Enlargement of the prostate gland.