Emergency & Intensive Critical Care Flashcards
Telephone triage?
Telephone triage?
.Required clinical staff to determine the urgency of a pet’s problem e.g. ABC
See vet immediately for?
See vet immediately for?
.Dyspnea .Not getting up
.Not able to urinate .Bleeding
.Traumatic injury .Poisoning
.Abdominal distention
.Pale MM
ABC?
ABC?
.Airways - check for instruction & gag reflex
.Breathing - check for breathing efforts, rate & sound
.Circulation - check MMC, CRT, heartrate, pulse quality & extremity temperature.
Stupor?
Stupor?
.Refers to a patient that is unconscious and only responsive to noxious stimuli.
Coma?
Coma?
.Refers to a completely unconscious, non responsive state.
Pulse?
Pulse?
.The greater the diastolic-systolic difference the ‘stronger’ the pulse will feel.
.Pulse pressure = systolic-diastolic pressure difference.
Central venous pressure?
Central venous pressure?
.The blood pressure in the vena cava. It reflects the amount of blood returning to the heart.
CVP?
CVP?
.Cats and dogs 0-10cm H2O
Chocolate?
Chocolate?
.Absorption is slow, so emesis is useful even a few hours after ingestion.
.Treatment - emesis, activated charcoal & IV diuresis.
NSAIDS?
NSAIDS?
.GI ulcerations, perforation and renal failure.
.Treatment - emesis, activated charcoal and 48 hour forced diuresis.
Rodenticides?
Rodenticides?
.Stops the blood coagulating (anticoagulant).
.Treatment - vitamin K for maybe weeks and to control haemorrhage frozen or fresh plasma or whole blood.
.If ingestion less than 6 hours, emesis, activated charcoal and monitor coagulation profiles for 72 hours if not using vitamin K.
Ethylene glycol?
Ethylene glycol?
.Relatively rapidly absorbed, metabolised and excreted.
.Treatment (recent ingestion) - emesis, supportive care (IV diuresis), dialysis and drugs ethanol
.Ethanol - is a antidote within 24 hours of ingestion.
Grapes/ raisins?
Grapes/ raisins?
.Digestion of raisins is slow.
.Treatment - charcoal, 48 hour forced diuresis.
Xylitol?
Xylitol?
.A common sweetener used in cakes, sweets and medications.
.Treatment - emesis, maybe charcoal and support for hypoglycemia e.g. glucose and feeding frequently.
Penetrating wounds?
Penetrating wounds?
.Refer to those which have an entrance wound only.
Perforating wounds?
Perforating wounds?
.With both an entrance and an exit wound.
First degree burn?
First degree burn?
.Epidermis only
Second degree burn?
Second degree burn?
.Epidermis & parts of the dermis
Third degree burn?
Third degree burn?
.Epidermis, dermis & parts of the hypodermis
Burns first aid?
Burns first aid?
.Should be cooled with running cool tap water for up to 30 mins (before taken to practice).
.Check temperature for hypothermia
Hydrogel?
Hydrogel?
.Used on wounds at risk of drying out.
.Don’t apply under any bandages as when it drys it will stick except for foam or banadges with semi-permeable film backing bandage.
Bandage layers?
Bandage layers?
.1st = primary layer (contact layer)
.2nd = secondary layer
.3rd = tertiary (third) layer
Bandage secondary layer?
Bandage secondary layer?
.Provides support, comfort and absorption e.g. cotton wool or synthetic materials.
Bandage tertiary layer?
Bandage tertiary layer?
.Holds the bandage in place e.g. adhesive wrap.
Bandage primary layer?
Bandage primary layer?
.Directly contacts the wound to allow tissue fluid to pass through to the secondary layer.
.This layer prevents tissue desiccation and causes minimal trauma.
Tie-over (bolus)?
Tie-over (bolus)?
.Bandage that is sutured in place by the vet.
Pressure relief bandages?
Pressure relief bandages?
.Used for prevention of decubital ulcers e.g. doughnut shaped bandage.
Ear bandaging?
Ear bandaging?
.Always note the position the ear is in on the bandage, so when removing you don’t cut the ear.
Head or throat bandaging?
Head or throat bandaging?
.Make sure it’s not too tight, so they can open their mouth and respiration is not impaired.
.Neck - should fit two fingers under bandage.
Eye injury first aid?
Eye injury first aid?
.Flush with saline to clean, place sterile gauze swab over the eye, apply buster collar, place in dark room, keep warm & monitor.
Cardiac arrest?
Cardiac arrest?
.Means there is no forward blood flow out of the heart and no delivery of oxygen to the tissues.
Chest compressions?
Chest compressions?
.Are to provide pulmonary blood flow for oxygen uptake and co2 elimination and tissue perfusion for oxygen delivery to restore cellular metabolic activity.
.Give 100-120 compressions per minute for all animals.
CPR procedure?
CPR procedure?
.Non-intubated - using the mouth to snout technique. Do 30 chest compressions then two breaths continuously for 2 mins and then rotate to someone else to not get tired.
.Intubated - ventilate at a rate of 10 breaths per min with an inspiratory time of approx 1 second and approx 6 seconds inbetween breaths.
.Post CPR - monitor, drug therapy & electrical defibrillation.
