Microbiology Flashcards
Giemsa stain
“Certain Bugs Really Try my Patience”
Chlamydia Borrelia Rickettsiae Trypanosomes Plasmodium
PAS (periodic acid-Schiff) stain
Tropheryma whipplei
Stains glycogen, mucopolysaccharides
Ziehl-Neelsen (carbol fuschin) stain
Acid fast organisms
Mycobacterium
Nocardia
India ink stain
Cryptococcus neoformans
Mucicarmine stain
Cryptococcus neoformans
Stains the thick polysaccharide capsule red
Silver stain
Fungi = pneumocystis
Legionella
Helicobacter pylori
Chocolate agar with factors V (NAD+) and X (hematin)
Haemophilus influenzae
Thayer-Martin (VPN) media
Neisseria gonorrhoeae
Neisseria meningitidis
VPN media components
Vancomycin (gram +)
Polymyxin (gram -)
Nystatin (fungi)
Bordet-Gengou (potato) agar
Bordetella pertussis
Tellurite agar, Loffler media
Corynebacterium diphtheriae
Lowenstein-Jensen agar
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Eaton agar, requires cholesterol
Mycoplasma pneumoniae
Pink colonies on MacConkey agar
Lactose fermenting enterics
Fast = Klebsiella, E.coli, Enterobacter (Fast is KEE)
Slow = Citrobacter, Serratia
Green metallic sheen on eosin-methylene blue (EMB) agar
Escherichia coli
Charcoal yeast extract agar buffered with cysteine and iron
Legionella
Sabouraud agar
Fungi
Obligate aerobes
“Nagging Pests Must Breathe”
Nocardia
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Pseudomonas infection associations (4)
Burn wounds
Complications of diabetes
Nosocomial pneumonia
Pneumonias in cystic fibrosis
Obligate anaerobes
“Anaerobes Can’t Breathe Air”
Clostridium Bacteroides Actinomyces Lack catalase and/or superoxide dismutase = susceptible to oxidative damage Produce GAS in tissue (CO2 and H2)
Which class of antibiotic is ineffective against anaerobes?
Aminoglycosides
Require O2 to enter into bacterial cell
Obligate intracellular
“Stay inside when it’s Really Cold”
Rickettsia
Chlamydia
Cannot make own ATP
Facultative intracellular
“Some Nasty Bugs May Live FacultativeLY”
Salmonella Neisseria Brucella Mycobacterium Listeria Francisella Legionella Yersinia pestis
Encapsulated bacteria
“SHiNE SKiS”
Streptococcus pneumoniae Haemophilus influenzae type B Neisseria meningitidis Escherichia coli Salmonella Klebsiella pneumoniae Group B Strep (S. agalactiae)
Opsonized and cleared by spleen
Asplenics have decreased opsonizing ability and are at risk for severe infections
Which vaccines should you give to asplenic patients?
S. pneumoniae
H. influenzae
N. meningitidis
Capsule + protein conjugate = antigen in vaccines
Catalase positive organisms
“PLACESS for your cats”
Pseudomonas Listeria Aspergillus Candida E. coli S. aureus Serratia
Urease positive organisms
Cryptococcus Helicobacter pylori Proteus Ureaplasma Nocardia Klebsiella Staphylococcus epidermidis Staphylococcus saprophyticus
Pigment producing bacteria
Actinomyces israelii = yellow “sulfur” granules, composed of filaments of bacteria
S. aureus = yellow pigment (aureus = gold)
Pseudonomas aeruginosa = blue green pigment
Serratia marcescens = red pigment
Protein A
Binds Fc region of IgG = prevents opsonization and phagocytosis
Expressed by S. aureus
IgA protease
Enzyme that cleaves IgA
Secreted by S. pneumoniae, H. influenzae type B, and Neisseria (SHiN) in order to colonize respiratory mucosa
M protein
Helps prevent phagocytosis
Expressed by group A streptococci
