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USMLE > Microbiology > Flashcards

Microbiology Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

Giemsa stain

“Certain Bugs Really Try my Patience”

A 
Chlamydia
Borrelia
Rickettsiae
Trypanosomes
Plasmodium
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2
Q

PAS (periodic acid-Schiff) stain

A

Tropheryma whipplei

Stains glycogen, mucopolysaccharides

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3
Q

Ziehl-Neelsen (carbol fuschin) stain

A

Acid fast organisms
Mycobacterium
Nocardia

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4
Q

India ink stain

A

Cryptococcus neoformans

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5
Q

Mucicarmine stain

A

Cryptococcus neoformans

Stains the thick polysaccharide capsule red

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6
Q

Silver stain

A

Fungi = pneumocystis
Legionella
Helicobacter pylori

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7
Q

Chocolate agar with factors V (NAD+) and X (hematin)

A

Haemophilus influenzae

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8
Q

Thayer-Martin (VPN) media

A

Neisseria gonorrhoeae

Neisseria meningitidis

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9
Q

VPN media components

A

Vancomycin (gram +)
Polymyxin (gram -)
Nystatin (fungi)

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10
Q

Bordet-Gengou (potato) agar

A

Bordetella pertussis

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11
Q

Tellurite agar, Loffler media

A

Corynebacterium diphtheriae

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12
Q

Lowenstein-Jensen agar

A

Mycobacterium tuberculosis

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13
Q

Eaton agar, requires cholesterol

A

Mycoplasma pneumoniae

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14
Q

Pink colonies on MacConkey agar

A

Lactose fermenting enterics
Fast = Klebsiella, E.coli, Enterobacter (Fast is KEE)
Slow = Citrobacter, Serratia

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15
Q

Green metallic sheen on eosin-methylene blue (EMB) agar

A

Escherichia coli

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16
Q

Charcoal yeast extract agar buffered with cysteine and iron

A

Legionella

17
Q

Sabouraud agar

A

Fungi

18
Q

Obligate aerobes

“Nagging Pests Must Breathe”

A

Nocardia
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Mycobacterium tuberculosis

19
Q

Pseudomonas infection associations (4)

A

Burn wounds
Complications of diabetes
Nosocomial pneumonia
Pneumonias in cystic fibrosis

20
Q

Obligate anaerobes

“Anaerobes Can’t Breathe Air”

A 
Clostridium
Bacteroides
Actinomyces
Lack catalase and/or superoxide dismutase = susceptible to oxidative damage
Produce GAS in tissue (CO2 and H2)
21
Q

Which class of antibiotic is ineffective against anaerobes?

A

Aminoglycosides

Require O2 to enter into bacterial cell

22
Q

Obligate intracellular

“Stay inside when it’s Really Cold”

A

Rickettsia
Chlamydia
Cannot make own ATP

23
Q

Facultative intracellular

“Some Nasty Bugs May Live FacultativeLY”

A 
Salmonella
Neisseria
Brucella
Mycobacterium
Listeria
Francisella
Legionella
Yersinia pestis
24
Q

Encapsulated bacteria

“SHiNE SKiS”

A 
Streptococcus pneumoniae
Haemophilus influenzae type B
Neisseria meningitidis
Escherichia coli
Salmonella
Klebsiella pneumoniae
Group B Strep (S. agalactiae)

Opsonized and cleared by spleen
Asplenics have decreased opsonizing ability and are at risk for severe infections

25
Q

Which vaccines should you give to asplenic patients?

A

S. pneumoniae
H. influenzae
N. meningitidis

Capsule + protein conjugate = antigen in vaccines

26
Q

Catalase positive organisms

“PLACESS for your cats”

A 
Pseudomonas
Listeria
Aspergillus
Candida
E. coli
S. aureus
Serratia
27
Q

Urease positive organisms

A 
Cryptococcus
Helicobacter pylori
Proteus
Ureaplasma
Nocardia
Klebsiella
Staphylococcus epidermidis
Staphylococcus saprophyticus
28
Q

Pigment producing bacteria

A

Actinomyces israelii = yellow “sulfur” granules, composed of filaments of bacteria
S. aureus = yellow pigment (aureus = gold)
Pseudonomas aeruginosa = blue green pigment
Serratia marcescens = red pigment

29
Q

Protein A

A

Binds Fc region of IgG = prevents opsonization and phagocytosis
Expressed by S. aureus

30
Q

IgA protease

A

Enzyme that cleaves IgA

Secreted by S. pneumoniae, H. influenzae type B, and Neisseria (SHiN) in order to colonize respiratory mucosa

31
Q

M protein

A

Helps prevent phagocytosis

Expressed by group A streptococci

USMLE (38 decks)

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