Heart Murmurs

Question 1

Holosystolic, high-pitched, “blowing” murmur

Answer 1

Mitral/tricuspid regurgitation

Question 2

Crescendo-decrescendo systolic ejection murmur

Answer 2

Aortic stenosis

Question 3

Holosystolic, harsh-sounding murmur

Answer 3

Ventricular septal defect

Question 4

Late systolic crescendo murmur with midsystolic click

Answer 4

Mitral valve prolapse

Question 5

What causes the midsystolic click in MVP?

Answer 5

Sudden tensing of chordae tendinae

Question 6

High pitched, “blowing,” early diastolic decrescendo murmur

Answer 6

Aortic regurgitation

Question 7

Bounding pulses and head bobbing?

Answer 7

AR

Question 8

Pulsus parvus et tardus

Answer 8

Pulses weak with a delayed peak

Seen in AS

Question 9

Syncope, angina, and dyspnea seen on exertion?

Answer 9

AS

Question 10

Most frequent valvular lesion that is usually benign?

Answer 10

MVP

Question 11

Delayed rumbling late diastolic murmur following an opening snap

Answer 11

Mitral stenosis

Question 12

What causes the opening snap in MS?

Answer 12

Abrupt halt in leaflet motion in diastole, after rapid opening due to fusion at leaflet tips

Question 13

Severity of MS correlates with a(n) ________ interval between S2 and OS?

Answer 13

Decreased interval between S2 and OS = increased severity

Question 14

Continuous machine-like murmur?

Answer 14

Patent ductus arteriosus

Question 15

What is used to keep a PDA open?

Answer 15

Prostaglandins

Question 16

What is used to close a PDA?

Answer 16

Indomethacin (NSAID = blocks PGs)

Question 17

What are two common causes of PDA?

Answer 17

Congenital rubella

Prematurity