Classic/Relevant Treatments Flashcards
Absence seizures
Ethosuximide
Acute gout attack
NSAIDs, colchicine
Acute promyelocytic leukemia (M3)
All-trans retinoic acid
ADHD
Methylphenidate, amphetamines
Alcohol use disorder
AA + disulfiram, naltrexone, or acamprosate for patient; Al-Anon for patient’s family
Alcohol withdrawal
Benzodiazepines
Anorexia
Nutrition, psychotherapy
Anticoagulation during pregnancy
Heparin
Arrhythmia in damaged cardiac tissue
Class IB anti-arrhythmic (lidocaine, mexiletine, tocainide)
B12 deficiency
Vitamin B12 supplementation (work up cause with Schilling test)
Benign prostatic hyperplasia
Tamsulosin (Flomax; alpha antagonist), finasteride (5a-reductase inhibitor)
Bipolar disorder
Lithium, valporate, carbamazepine, lamotrigine (mood stabilizers)
Breast cancer in postmenopausal woman
Aromatase inhibitor (anastrozole)
Buerger disease (thromboangiitis obliterans)
Smoking cessation
Bulimia nervosa
SSRIs
Candida albicans
Amphotericin B (systemic), nystatin (oral thrush), azoles (vaginitis)
Carcinoid syndrome
Octreatide (somatostatin analog)
Chlamydia trachomatis
Doxycycline (+ ceftriaxone for gonorrhea coinfection), erythromycin eye drops (prophylaxis in infants)
Chronic gout
Probenecid (underexcretor = increase excretion of uric acid), allopurinol (overproducer = decrease production uric acid), febuxostat
Chronic hepatitis
IFN-alpha
Chronic myelogenous leukemia
Imatinib (Gleevec; tyrosine kinase inhibitor)
Clostridium botulinum
Antitoxin
Clostridium difficile
Oral metronidazole; if refractory, oral vancomycin
Clostridium tetani
Antitoxin + vaccine booster + diazepam
CMV
Ganciclovir
Crohn disease
Corticosteroids, infliximab, methotrexate, azathioprine
Cryptococcus neoformans
Fluconazole (prophylaxis in AIDS patients)
Cyclophosphamide-induced hemorrhagic cystitis
Mesna
Depression
SSRIs (first-line)
Diabetes insipidus
DDAVP (CENTRAL); hydrochlorothiazide [thiazide diuretic, inhibits NaCl cotransporter], indomethacin [NSAID], amiloride [K sparing diuretic, inhibits ENaC in DCT] (NEPHROGENIC)
Diabetes mellitus type 1
Dietary intervention (low sugar) + insulin replacement
Diabetes mellitus type 2
Dietary intervention, oral hypoglycemics, and insulin (if refractory)
Diabetic ketoacidosis
Fluids, insulin, K+
Enterococci
Vancomycin/ampicillin + aminoglycoside
Erectile dysfunction
Sildenafil (Viagra), Vardenafil (Levitra)
PDE5 inhibitors
ER + breast cancer
Tamoxifen
Ethylene glycol/methanol intoxication
Fomepizole (alcohol dehydrogenase inhibitor)
Haemophilus influenzae (B)
Rifampin (prophylaxis)
Generalized anxiety disorder
Buspirone
Granulomatosis with polyangiitis (Wegener)
Cycloposphamide, corticosteroids
Heparin toxicity (acute)
Protamine sulfate
HER2/neu + breast cancer
Trastuzumab
Hyperaldosteronism
Spironolactone
Hypercholesterolemia
Statin (first-line)
HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor
Hypertriglyceridemia
Fibrate
Immediate anticoagulation
Heparin
Infertility
Leuprolide, GnRH (pulsatile), clomiphene
Influenza
Rimantadine, oseltamivir
Legionella pneumophila
Erythromycin
Long-term anticoagulation
Warfarin
Malaria
Chloroquine/mefloquine (for blood schizont), primaquine (for liver hypnozoite)
Malignant hyperthermia
Dantrolene (depresses excitation-contraction coupling in skeletal muscle by binding ryanodine receptor and decreasing free intracellular Ca2+)
Medical abortion
Mifepristone
Migraine
Sumatriptan
MRSA
Vancomycin
Multiple sclerosis
Beta-interferon, immunosuppression, natalizumab
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
RIPE (rifampin, INH, pyrazinamide, ethambutol)
Neisseria gonorrhoeae
Ceftriaxone (add doxycycline to cover likely concurrent Chlamydia)
Neisseria meningitidis
Penicillin/ceftriaxone, rifampin (prophylaxis)
Neural tube defect prevention
Prenatal folic acid
Osteomalacia/rickets
Vitamin D supplementation
Osteoporosis
Bisphosphonates; calcium and vitamin D supplementation
Patent ductus arteriosus
Indomethacin
Pheochromocytoma
Alpha-antagonists (e.g., phenoxybenzamine)
Pneumocystis jirovecii
TMP-SMX (prophylaxis in AIDS patient)
Prolactinoma
Bromocriptine (dopamine agonist)
Prostate cancer/uterine fibroids
Leuprolide (GnRH analog), GnRH (continuous)
Prostate carcinoma
Flutamide (androgen receptor antagonist)
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Antipseudomonal penicillin + aminoglycoside
Pulmonary arterial hypertension (idiopathic)
Sildenafil, bosentan, epoprostenol
Rickettsia rickettsii
Doxycycline, chloramphenicol (associated with aplastic anemia)
Ringworm infections
Terbinafine, griseofulvin, imidazole
Schizophrenia (negative symptoms)
5-HT2A antagonists (e.g., 2nd generation antipsychotics)
Schizophrenia (positive symptoms)
D2 receptor antagonists (e.g., 1st and 2nd generation antipsychotics)
SIADH
Demeclocycline, lithium, vasopressin receptor antagonists
Sickle cell anemia
Hydroxyurea (increase fetal hemoglobin)
Sporothrix schenckii
Oral potassium iodide
Stable angina
Sublingual nitroglycerin
Staphylococcus aureus
MSSA: nafcillin, oxacillin, dicloxacillin (antistaphylococcal penicillins); MRSA: vancomycin
Streptococcus bovis
Penicillin prophylaxis; evaluation for colon cancer if linked to endocarditis
Streptococcus pneumoniae
Penicillin/cephalosporin (systemic infection, pneumonia), vancomycin (meningitis)
Streptococcus pyogenes
Penicillin prophylaxis
Temporal arteritis
High-dose steroids
Tonic-clonic seizures
Phenytoin, valproate, carbamazepine
Toxoplasma gondii
Sulfadiazine + pyrimethamine
Treponema pallidum
Penicillin
Trichomonas vaginalis
Metronidazole (patient and partner)
Trigeminal neuralgia (tic douloureux)
Carbamazepine
Ulcerative colitis
5-ASA, infliximab, colectomy
UTI prophylaxis
TMP-SMX
Warfarin toxicity
Fresh frozen plasma (acute), vitamin K (chronic)