Microbiology

Question 1

Study of organisms too small to be
seen by the unaided eyes

Answer 1

medical microbiology

Question 2

what are the branches of the microbiology and their study?

Answer 2

protozoology - protozoans
mycology - fungi (yeast & mold)
bacteriology - bacteria
rickettsiology - transitional organisms between bacteria and virus
virology - virus

Question 3

structure of bacteria that protects and give shapes

Answer 3

cell wall

Question 4

structure of bacteria that protects against antibodies

Answer 4

outer membrane

Question 5

structure of bacteria that regulates movements, contains enzymes and important to cellular respiration

Answer 5

cell membrane

Question 6

structure of bacteria that contains DNA, ribosomes and other essential compounds

Answer 6

cytoplasm

Question 7

structure of bacteria that carries genetic information and circular in shape

Answer 7

chromosomes

Question 8

structure of bacteria that site of protein sysnthesis

Answer 8

ribosomes

Question 9

structure of bacteria that protective layer that resist phagocytosis and desiccation

Answer 9

capsule

Question 10

structure of bacteria that it is a hair like structure extending from the cell membrane

Answer 10

pili

Question 11

it has somatic pili for cell adhesion and it is a sex pili for conjugation process

Answer 11

neisseria gonorrhea

Question 12

structure of bacteria that allows bacteria to move

Answer 12

flagellum

Question 13

structure of bacteria that allows bacteria to resist sterilization process

Answer 13

spores

Question 14

it has flagellum

Answer 14

trichous

Question 15

absence of flagellum and non-motile

Answer 15

atrichous

Question 16

one polar flagellum and usually exhibits darting motility

Answer 16

monotrichous

Question 17

single flagellum on both ends

Answer 17

amphitrichous

Question 18

tuft of flagella on either end or both ends of the

Answer 18

lophotrichous

Question 19

flagella all around the organism

Answer 19

perotrichous

Question 20

it has thick peptidoglycan layer that consists of glycan chains of alternating N-acetyl-Dglucosamine & N-acetyl-Dmuramic acid

Answer 20

gram positive cell wall (+)

Question 21

it acts by preventing peptidoglycan synthesis

Answer 21

penicilin

Question 22

it has thin peptidoglycan layer that the outer membrane is LPS or lipopolysaccharide

Answer 22

gram negative cell wall (-)

Question 23

it is involved in peptidoglycan synthesis & has a high amount of degradative
enzymes & transport proteins

Answer 23

periplasmic space

Question 24

it is the hardest bacteria to identify that could be seen in tuberculosis and uses IOI

Answer 24

mycobacteria

Question 25

what are factors needed for bacteria in order to grow?

Answer 25

oxygen carbon dioxide nutrients temperature hygdrogen ion concentration

Question 26

Organisms that require oxygen for growth and may be obligate, facultative, or microaerophilic

Answer 26

aerobes

Question 27

Organisms that grow best in an atmosphere of reduced oxygen tension and may also be obligate or facultative

Answer 27

anaerobes

Question 28

microorganisms that thrive in the presence of high concentrations of carbon dioxide (CO 2)

Answer 28

capnophiles

Question 29

a classification of bacteria that loves cold, 0-15C

Answer 29

psychrophiles

Question 30

a classification of bacteria that has a temperature of 4-25C

Answer 30

psychrotrophs

Question 31

a classification of bacteria that grows in humans and it is pathogenic and has a temperature of 20-40C

Answer 31

mesophiles

Question 32

a classification of bacteria that love heats, non transmitted and has a temperature of above 50C

Answer 32

thermophiles

Question 33

a classification of bacteria that loves increased heat and has a temperature of above 50C

Answer 33

hyperthermophiles

Question 34

classification of bacteria based on pH that loves acid and near pH 3.0

Answer 34

acidophiles

Question 35

classification of bacteria based on pH that is neutral and pH close to 7.0

Answer 35

neutrophiles

Question 36

classification of bacteria based on pH that is alkaline and between a pH 8-10.5

Answer 36

alkaliphiles

Question 37

it is the adjusting stage and bacteria are metabolically active but not dividing

Answer 37

lag phase

Question 38

it is the time of exponential growth and the nutrients starts to grow

Answer 38

exponential phase

Question 39

the growth reaches a plateau as the number of dying cells equals the number of dividing cells

Answer 39

stationary phase

Question 40

Exponential decrease in the number of living cells and the nutrients dare dead

Answer 40

death phase

Question 41

it helps in visualizing microorganisms

Answer 41

staining

Question 42

Test that provides a clinician with theraputic guidelines

Answer 42

Antimicrobal Susceptibility Test (AST)

Question 43

 Kirby-Bauer method  Growth inhibition surrounding antibiotic impregnated discs  4mm-thick Muller-Hinton agar (MHA) is standard medium used  Turbidity of standard inoculum is compared to 0.5 McFarlard standard

Answer 43

Disk Diffusion Susceptibility Test

Question 44

 Broth dilution susceptibility is used to determine both Minimal Inhibitory Concentration & Minimal Bactericidal Concentration

Answer 44

Broth Dilution Susceptibility Testing

Question 45

the lowest concentration of antibacterial agent that inhibits bacterial growth

Answer 45

Minimal Inhibitory Concentration

Question 46

the lowest antibiotic concentration that results in 99.9% death of bacterial population

Answer 46

Minimal Bactericidal Concentration

Question 47

drugs that are administered to either kill bacteria or inhibit their growth by preventing reproduction

Answer 47

antibiotics

Question 48

[Static] = Steady  Only inhibit microorganism growth in vitro

Answer 48

bacteriostatic antibiotics

Question 49

[Cidal] = (dead)  Lethal to standard inocula

Answer 49

bactericidal antibiotics

Question 50

INHIBITS ______________ SYNTHESIS

Answer 50

cell wall protein folic acid mycolic acid DNA RNA