Microbiology Flashcards
Study of organisms too small to be
seen by the unaided eyes
medical microbiology
what are the branches of the microbiology and their study?
protozoology - protozoans
mycology - fungi (yeast & mold)
bacteriology - bacteria
rickettsiology - transitional organisms between bacteria and virus
virology - virus
structure of bacteria that protects and give shapes
cell wall
structure of bacteria that protects against antibodies
outer membrane
structure of bacteria that regulates movements, contains enzymes and important to cellular respiration
cell membrane
structure of bacteria that contains DNA, ribosomes and other essential compounds
cytoplasm
structure of bacteria that carries genetic information and circular in shape
chromosomes
structure of bacteria that site of protein sysnthesis
ribosomes
structure of bacteria that protective layer that resist phagocytosis and desiccation
capsule
structure of bacteria that it is a hair like structure extending from the cell membrane
pili
it has somatic pili for cell adhesion and it is a sex pili for conjugation process
neisseria gonorrhea
structure of bacteria that allows bacteria to move
flagellum
structure of bacteria that allows bacteria to resist sterilization process
spores
it has flagellum
trichous
absence of flagellum and non-motile
atrichous
one polar flagellum and usually exhibits darting motility
monotrichous
single flagellum on both ends
amphitrichous
tuft of flagella on either end or both ends of the
lophotrichous
flagella all around the organism
perotrichous
it has thick peptidoglycan layer that consists of glycan chains of alternating N-acetyl-Dglucosamine & N-acetyl-Dmuramic acid
gram positive cell wall (+)
it acts by preventing peptidoglycan synthesis
penicilin
it has thin peptidoglycan layer that the outer membrane is LPS or lipopolysaccharide
gram negative cell wall (-)
it is involved in peptidoglycan synthesis & has a high amount of degradative
enzymes & transport proteins
periplasmic space
it is the hardest bacteria to identify that could be seen in tuberculosis and uses IOI
mycobacteria
what are factors needed for bacteria in order to grow?
oxygen
carbon dioxide
nutrients
temperature
hygdrogen
ion concentration
Organisms that require oxygen for
growth and may be obligate, facultative, or microaerophilic
aerobes
Organisms that grow best in an
atmosphere of reduced oxygen
tension and may also be obligate or
facultative
anaerobes
microorganisms that thrive in the presence of high concentrations of carbon dioxide (CO 2)
capnophiles
a classification of bacteria that loves cold, 0-15C
psychrophiles
a classification of bacteria that has a temperature of 4-25C
psychrotrophs
a classification of bacteria that grows in humans and it is pathogenic and has a temperature of 20-40C
mesophiles
a classification of bacteria that love heats, non transmitted and has a temperature of above 50C
thermophiles
a classification of bacteria that loves increased heat and has a temperature of above 50C
hyperthermophiles
classification of bacteria based on pH that loves acid and near pH 3.0
acidophiles
classification of bacteria based on pH that is neutral and pH close to 7.0
neutrophiles
classification of bacteria based on pH that is alkaline and between a pH 8-10.5
alkaliphiles
it is the adjusting stage and bacteria are metabolically active but not dividing
lag phase
it is the time of exponential growth and the nutrients starts to grow
exponential phase
the growth reaches a plateau as the number of dying cells equals the number of dividing cells
stationary phase
Exponential decrease in the
number of living cells and the nutrients dare dead
death phase
it helps in visualizing microorganisms
staining
Test that provides a clinician with
theraputic guidelines
Antimicrobal Susceptibility Test (AST)
Kirby-Bauer method
Growth inhibition surrounding
antibiotic impregnated discs
4mm-thick Muller-Hinton agar
(MHA) is standard medium used
Turbidity of standard inoculum is
compared to 0.5 McFarlard
standard
Disk Diffusion Susceptibility Test
Broth dilution susceptibility is
used to determine both Minimal
Inhibitory Concentration &
Minimal Bactericidal
Concentration
Broth Dilution Susceptibility Testing
the lowest concentration
of antibacterial agent that inhibits
bacterial growth
Minimal Inhibitory Concentration
the lowest antibiotic concentration that results in 99.9% death of bacterial
population
Minimal Bactericidal Concentration
drugs that are administered to either kill bacteria or inhibit their growth by preventing reproduction
antibiotics
[Static] = Steady
Only inhibit microorganism
growth in vitro
bacteriostatic antibiotics
[Cidal] = (dead)
Lethal to standard inocula
bactericidal antibiotics
INHIBITS ______________ SYNTHESIS
cell wall
protein
folic acid
mycolic acid
DNA
RNA
