ENDTERM PART 4 Flashcards
according to WHO how much percent of health care waste are non-hazardous.?
75-90%
according to WHO how many percent of health care waste are is considered hazardous & may be infectious, toxic, radioactive?
10-25%
In the Phil, health care waste
__________ are hazardous; _________ are general waste
30.37%
69.63
Ave of 0.34kg of _______________ & 0.39 kg of are ____________ derived per bed per day
infectious sharps & pathological wastes
general waste
what are the categories of healthcare waste?
infectious
pathological and anatomical waste
sharps
chemical waste
pharmaceutical waste
radioactive waste
non-hazardous or general waste
refers to wastes that have not been in contact with infectious or communicable agents, hazardous chemicals, or radioactive substances
non-hazardous of general waste
are those which may contain pathogens or toxins in sufficient concentration that may
cause disease to susceptible host
infectious
refers to tissue sections & body fluids or organs derived from surgical procedures, autopsies
pathological and anatomical waste
refer to items that can cause cuts, pricks or puncture wounds, also most dangerous because they cause both injury & infection
sharps
refers to discarded
chemicals generated during
disinfection & sterilization procedures. It also includes wastes with high content of heavy metals & their derivatives
chemical waste
chemical used in laboratories must have ________________ and idenfication code as _______________.
chemical safety data sheet CSDS
hazardous materials identification HMIS
OSHA hard rating
blue
red
orange
white
health hazard
flammability
physical hazards
personal protection
0
1
2
3
4
no significant risk
irritation
minor injury
major injury
life threatening
what are the characteristics of hazardous waste?
explosivity and reactivity
corrosivity
toxicity
ignibility
- Unstable & reacts violently when exposed to chemical change
- Releases toxic fumes when mixed with water
- Explode under extreme conditions
- Capable of detonation & explosive
decomposition at standard temperature
Explosivity & reactivity
- React with heavy metals to produce toxic
contaminates - Corrode steel waste containers & aqueous
substances with pH less than 2 or more
than 12.5
corrosivity
causes health effect
toxicity
cause fire
ignibility
refers to expired, spilt, contaminated pharmaceutical products, drugs & vaccines. Also includes empty vials, medicine bottles, etc
pharmaceutical waste
Usual hospital radioactive wastes are:
- Cobalt 90 (Co90), iodine 131 I (131 I),
technetium (99 Tc), iridium (192 Ir)
radioactive waste
refers to wastes that have not been in contact with infectious or communicable agents, hazardous chemicals, or radioactive substances
non-hazardous or general waste
proper handling of waste
correct segregation
proper storage
capping waste bottles
A core instrument that provides 9 high
level protocols that set out generic
standards to be put into place for the
implementation of an international transit
system
ASEAN Framework Agreement on the
facilitation of Goods in Transit (1998)
“Revised Rules &
Regulations Governing the Registration,
Licensure & Operation of Hospitals & Other
Health Facilities in the Philippines”
DOH AO 70-A s2002
“Amendment to AO 70-A”
DOH AO 2005-0029 s2005
“Revised Rules & Regulations Governing the Licensure & Regulation of Clin Labs in the Phil”
DOH AO 2007-0027 s2007
“Revising DENR AO
29 s 1992, to further Strengthen the
Implementation of RA 6969 &
Prescribing the Use of Procedural
Manual”
DENR AO 36 s2004
“Policies & Guidelines on Effective & Proper Handling, Collection, Transport, Treatment, Storage & Disposal of HCW”
DOH-DENR joint AO 02 s2005
“Guidelines on the Issuance of Certificate of Product Registration for Equipment or Devices Used for Treating Sharps, Pathological &
Infectious Wastes”
DOH AO 2007-0014
“ The Phil Clean Air Act of 1999”
RA 8749
“Ecological Solid Waste Management Act of 2000”
RA 9003
“The Phil Clean Water Act of 2004”
RA 9275
“Strengthening the Functions of Laguna Lake Development Authority (LLDA)”
PD 813 (1975) & EO 927 (1983)
“The Code on sanitation of the Phil-Chapter XVII on Sewage Collection & Excreta Disposal (1998)
PD 856
“Providing for the Revision of RA
3931, Commonly known as the Pollution Control Law, & for other Purposes” 1976
PD 984
“Environmental Impact Statement (EIS) System (1978)
PD 1586
“Establishing a Green Procurement Program for all Depts, Bureau offices, & Agencies of the Executive Branch of Government” 2004
EO 301
“Gradual Phase out of Mercury in all Phil Health Care Facilities & Institutions (2008)
DOH AO 2008-0021
“National Policy on Patient Safety”
DOH AO 2008-0023
(Revising the 2007 Health Care Waste Management Manual)
* PhilHealth Benchbook for Quality
Assurance in Health care (2006)
DOH “Manual on Health Care Waste
Management” in 2011
“Inventory, proper disposal , &/or destruction of used vials or bottles” & BFAD Bureau Circular
#16 s1999: “Amending BFAD MC #22
(1994), Regarding inventory, proper
disposal & or destruction of used vials or
bottles”
BFAD Memo Circular 22 s1994
refers to either finding a new
application for a used material or using the
same product for the same application
repeatedly
reusing
refers to the processing of used materials into new products
recycling
waste refers to (1) energy
recovery, whereby waste is converted to fuel for generating electricity or for direct heating of premises & (2) as a term used to encompass 3 subsets of waste recovery: recycling, composting, & energy recovery
recovery
Thermal decomposition of health care wastes in the absence of supplied molecular oxygen in the destruction chamber where the said waste is converted into gaseous, liquid, or solid form
pyrolysis
Residues could be greasy aggregates or slugs,
recoverable metals, carbon black which can be
disposed in land fills
pyrolysis
Is the use of stem sterilization to render waste harmless & is an efficient wet thermal disinfection process
autoclave
Indicators to check the validity of
sterilization: color-changing tapes or
biological test ampules containing
bacterial spores
autoclave
- A technology that typically incorporates
some type of size reduction device. - Shredding of wastes is done before
disinfection
microwave
in chemical disinfection how much percent is recommended?
5-10% sodium hypochlorite
- Uses an enzyme mixture to decontaminate
health care wastes - Suited for large applications & is also being
developed for possible use in agriculture
biological processes
Involves the filling of containers with
waste, adding & immobilizing material, & sealing the containers
encapsulation
For pharmaceutical waste that involves the
mixing of waste with cement & other
substances before disposal
inertization
“An Act to Control Substances & Hazardous & Nuclear Wastes” (1990)
RA 6969
