Clinical Microscopy Flashcards by Tipayyy Perlaaa

overall evaluation of renal function

urinalysis

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

the basic functional unit of kidney

nephron

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

3 processes of urine formation

glomerulus filtration
tubular reabsorption
tubular secretion

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

it is more preferred because it is more concentrated from overnight
retention in the bladder and also good for protein analysis

early morning urine

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

may collected any time of the day

random urine

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

for glucose determination

fasting/ post prandial urine

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

for clearance test

timed urine

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

methods of collection of urine

clean midstream
catheterization

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

diabetic urine and has presence of ketosone

fruity

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

isovaleric acidemia

sweaty feet

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

methionine melabsorption

cabbage

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

phenylketunoria

mousy

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Release of ammonia
after bacterial
degradation of urea;
indicative of UTI

ammoniacal

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

general turbidity

gross bacteriuria

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

smoky appearance

hematuria

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

thread-like cloudiness

mucus

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

precipitate suspension

amorphous urate
amorphous phosphate/carbonate

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

what is the optimal volume for accurate RU?

10-12ml

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

normal adult urine volume

750-2000ml per 24hrs/day

excessive urine excretion

polyuria

scanty urine excretion

oliguria

absence of urine output

anuria

refers to the negative logarithm of the hydrogen ion concentration

what is the normal value of random urine?

4.5-8

it contains test pads impregnated with reagents that specifically react with a test analyte and register specific color change

reagent strips

in microscopic examination, how many drops of urine sediments is needed?

1-2 drops

○ Reported as ave count /HPO ○ Seen in glomerulonephritis, severe exercise, menstrual blood contamination, vascular injury, renal/urinary calculi obstruction, pyelonephritis

RBC hematuria

○ Reported as ave count/HPO ○ Seen in cases of pyelonephritis, UTI, inflammation

WBC: pyuria

“glitter cells”: becoming enlarged exhibiting a sparkling effect in their cytoplasmic granules and noticeable Brownian motion

WBC: pyuria

squamous cells are

large and flat

renal epithelial cells are

round and uninucleate

transitional bladder

urothelial

Formed primarily within distal convoluted tubule & collecting duct

Casts: Cylinduria or cylindroiduria

Formed by the precipitation of urine salts subjected to pH, temperature, or concentration

crystals

what are the acid urine crystals

calcium oxalate - envelope shape amorphous urate - sand grain like uric acid - polymorphic cholesterol - rectangular plate cystine - flat hexagon

what are the alkaline urine crystals

calcium carbonate - dumbbell or sphere amorphous phosphate - sand grain like triple phosphate - coffin lid calcium phosphate - colorless thin prism ammonium biurate - thorny apples

excess water

clear

healthy

pale yellow straw

normal

transparent yellow

dehydrated

honey/amber

normal but need water soon

dark yellow

severely dehydrated, liver disease

brown

dehydrated, liver/bile duct condition, food dye

orange

eaten beets, blueberries, rhubarb, blood urine

pink/red

rare genetic disease or medication, food dye

blue/green

does not exist

purple