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MLS > Clinical Microscopy > Flashcards

Clinical Microscopy Flashcards

1
Q

overall evaluation of renal function

A

urinalysis

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2
Q

the basic functional unit of kidney

A

nephron

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3
Q

3 processes of urine formation

A

glomerulus filtration
tubular reabsorption
tubular secretion

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4
Q

it is more preferred because it is more concentrated from overnight
retention in the bladder and also good for protein analysis

A

early morning urine

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5
Q

may collected any time of the day

A

random urine

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6
Q

for glucose determination

A

fasting/ post prandial urine

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7
Q

for clearance test

A

timed urine

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8
Q

methods of collection of urine

A

clean midstream
catheterization

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9
Q

diabetic urine and has presence of ketosone

A

fruity

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10
Q

isovaleric acidemia

A

sweaty feet

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11
Q
A
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12
Q

methionine melabsorption

A

cabbage

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13
Q

phenylketunoria

A

mousy

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14
Q

Release of ammonia
after bacterial
degradation of urea;
indicative of UTI

A

ammoniacal

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15
Q

general turbidity

A

gross bacteriuria

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16
Q

smoky appearance

A

hematuria

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17
Q

thread-like cloudiness

A

mucus

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18
Q

precipitate suspension

A

amorphous urate
amorphous phosphate/carbonate

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19
Q

what is the optimal volume for accurate RU?

A

10-12ml

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19
Q

normal adult urine volume

A

750-2000ml per 24hrs/day

20
Q
A
21
Q

excessive urine excretion

A

polyuria

22
Q

scanty urine excretion

A

oliguria

23
Q

absence of urine output

A

anuria

24
Q

refers to the negative logarithm of the hydrogen ion concentration

A

ph

25
Q

what is the normal value of random urine?

A

4.5-8

26
Q

it contains test pads impregnated with reagents that specifically react with a test analyte and register specific color change

A

reagent strips

27
Q

in microscopic examination, how many drops of urine sediments is needed?

A

1-2 drops

28
Q

○ Reported as ave count /HPO
○ Seen in glomerulonephritis,
severe exercise, menstrual
blood contamination,
vascular injury, renal/urinary
calculi obstruction,
pyelonephritis

A

RBC hematuria

29
Q

○ Reported as ave count/HPO
○ Seen in cases of
pyelonephritis, UTI,
inflammation

A

WBC: pyuria

30
Q

“glitter cells”: becoming enlarged exhibiting a sparkling effect in their
cytoplasmic granules and
noticeable Brownian motion

A

WBC: pyuria

31
Q

squamous cells are

A

large and flat

32
Q

renal epithelial cells are

A

round and uninucleate

33
Q

transitional bladder

A

urothelial

34
Q

Formed primarily within distal
convoluted tubule & collecting
duct

A

Casts: Cylinduria or
cylindroiduria

35
Q

Formed by the precipitation of urine salts subjected to pH, temperature, or
concentration

A

crystals

36
Q

what are the acid urine crystals

A

calcium oxalate - envelope shape
amorphous urate - sand grain like
uric acid - polymorphic
cholesterol - rectangular plate
cystine - flat hexagon

37
Q

what are the alkaline urine crystals

A

calcium carbonate - dumbbell or sphere
amorphous phosphate - sand grain like
triple phosphate - coffin lid
calcium phosphate - colorless thin prism
ammonium biurate - thorny apples

38
Q

excess water

A

clear

39
Q

healthy

A

pale yellow straw

40
Q

normal

A

transparent yellow

41
Q

dehydrated

A

honey/amber

42
Q

normal but need water soon

A

dark yellow

43
Q

severely dehydrated, liver disease

A

brown

44
Q

dehydrated, liver/bile duct condition, food dye

A

orange

45
Q

eaten beets, blueberries, rhubarb, blood urine

A

pink/red

46
Q

rare genetic disease or medication, food dye

A

blue/green

47
Q

does not exist

A

purple

MLS (14 decks)

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